Senses Pathologies

Question 1

what is Swimmers Ear (Otitis externa)?

Answer 1

Inflammation of the outer ear: 90% associated
with a bacterial infection and the remaining
fungal or allergic.

Question 2

what causes otitis externa?

Answer 2

Swimmers
HIV
Diabetes Melleitis
Insufficient Earwax
Excess wax
using ear phones
fungal infections after antibiotic use

Question 3

Otitis externa symptoms ?

Answer 3

• Pain
• Discharge (often purulent), swelling, itchy, red,
  swollen auditory canal.
• Hearing deficit.
• Can cause itching, fever, lymphadenopathy.

Question 4

Otitis media- where is this inflammation?

Answer 4

Middle ear

Question 5

Why is the Eustachian tube playing a role with kids getting an ear infection?

Answer 5

Because in kids it is more horizontal and therefore more susceptible to infections

Question 6

what is the typical treatment for otitis media?

Answer 6

Rupture of the tympanic membrane — results in
discharge from the ear canal and relief of pain.

Question 7

what is Tinnutis ?

Answer 7

The perception of sound originating
from within the head rather than outside.

Question 8

Name the TWO main categories of hearing loss causes.*

Answer 8

Conductive: Ear canal obstructions, ossicle
abnormalities, ruptured tympanic membrane.
* Sensory: Poor hair cell function — can be due to a
congenital condition, infection or noise trauma.

Question 9

Describe what happens pathologically in Meniere’s disease.
List the THREE main symptoms.

Answer 9

A disorder of the inner ear, caused by a
change in fluid volume in labyrinth,
associated with progressive distention
of the membranous labyrinth.

Question 10

what does otitis mean?

Answer 10

ear inflammation

Question 11

what is Blepharitis ?

Answer 11

Inflammation of the eyelid margin

Question 12

Signs and symptoms of blepharitis

Answer 12

• Red eyelid margins. * Sore, gritty eyes, scales and flakes. * Eyelids may stick together, often worse in
  morning.
• Itching and burning. * Loss of eyelashes. * Can block sebaceous glands and cause
  recurrent styes

Question 13

what is Stye? And what infection is it caused by ?

Answer 13

Inflammation of sebaceous glands of
eyelid
Usually a bacterial infection
(Staphylococcus).

Question 14

Which auto immune disease is associated with Uveitis ? And what is the gene called?

Answer 14

HLA-B27 (Ankylosing Spondylitis)

Question 15

what is glaucoma?

Answer 15

Increased intraocular pressure caused by
inadequate drainage (IOP should be 10
–21
mmHg. >40 = significant damage caused)
.

Question 16

Signs and symptoms of glaucoma?

Answer 16

Acute glaucoma: * Mild: Pain in the eyes and haloes around
lights, relieved by sleep.
* Severe: Rapid deterioration of vision, intense
eye pain, redness and watering of the eye,
sensitivity to bright light, nausea and vomiting.
Chronic glaucoma: * Often no symptoms until permanent
damage has occurred.
* Late symptoms: Loss of peripheral
vision, blurring of objects directly in
front of the person. Loss of night vision.