sensory alterations

Question 1

the 5 senses

Answer 1

-sight (visual)
-hearing (auditory)
-touch (tactile)
-smell (olfactory)
-taste (gustatory)

Question 2

sensory deficit

Answer 2

deficit in normal function of sensory reception or perception. -not able to perceive sensory stimuli

Question 3

sensory deprivation

Answer 3

reduced sensory input
-acute care, nursing homes, no visitors, bed rest, restraints

Question 4

sensory overload

Answer 4

stimuli at a rate and intensity beyond the person’s ability to process.
-very individualized
-parenting:how tired and emotionally drained.
-sick=sensory overload, agitated and restless.

Question 5

reception

Answer 5

-sensory stimuli reach sensory organs
-appropriate function of sensory organs
-nervous system transmits information to the brain
-odor wafts to the nose, food touches the mouth

Question 6

perception

Answer 6

-information must be interpreted in a meaningful way.
-do I like the taste?
-associate memories with smells.

Question 7

reaction

Answer 7

-only the most important stimuli will elicit a response.
-how we respond to stimuli
-sometimes only the most important stimuli responds

Question 8

types of sensory deficits

Answer 8

-presbyopia
-cataract
-glaucoma
-diabetic retinopathy
-macular degeneration

Question 9

presbyopia

Answer 9

lens is unable to focus on close objects.
-readers, peepers.
-40 year olds

Question 10

cataract

Answer 10

cloudy or opaque area of lens limits sight.
-gradual, no pain. no other s/s
-surgery

Question 11

glaucoma

Answer 11

increase in intraocular pressure, peripheral vision loss.
-pressure on optic nerve.
-PERIPHERAL VISION LOSS

Question 12

diabetic retinopathy

Answer 12

damage to blood vessels and vision loss.
-increased sugar damages eye blood vessels

Question 13

macular degeneration

Answer 13

retina loses function,
-progressive.
-CENTRAL VISION LOSS

Question 14

presbycusis

Answer 14

progressive hearing loss in older adults. hearing aids

Question 15

cerumen accumulation

Answer 15

earwax buildup

Question 16

xerostomia

Answer 16

dry mouth from decreased saliva. often associated with medication effects

Question 17

peripheral neuropathy

Answer 17

numbness and tingling in extremities. usually caused by diabetes but not always.

Question 18

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Answer 18

stroke. can impact the ability to interpret sensory stimuli. reception phase: interpret stimuli as meaningful stimuli.

Question 19

sensory deprivation

Answer 19

caused by reduced sensory input or restrictive environment.

Question 20

effects of sensory deprivation

Answer 20

-boredom, restlessness, anxiety, depression
-reduced ability to learn, disorientation
-changes in visual and motor coordination

Question 21

factors that influence sensory function

Answer 21

-age
-amount of stimuli
-environmental
-meaningful stimuli
-social interaction
-cultural

Question 22

assessment of sensory alterations

Answer 22

-subjective data collection (s/s, onset and duration, predisposing factors, effect on ADL, QOL)
-mental status and cognitive ability
-physical assessment (hearing and vision tests)
-environmental safety
-communication methods (electronic devices, closed captioning, sign language, receptive aphasia)
-assistive devices (glasses, white mobility cane, hearing aid)

Question 23

receptive aphasia

Answer 23

impaired perception of language

Question 24

planning for sensory alterations

Answer 24

-ability to communicate
-self care and ADLs
-correct use of assistive devices
-improvement in sensory ability

Question 25

health promotion implementation

Answer 25

-screening for infections during pregnancy -immunizations/vaccines -antibiotic opthalmic ointment at birth -visual screenings for infants and children -visual screening for persons with DM, HTN, and older adults -OSHA guidelines and protective equipment

Question 26

visual screenings for infants and children

Answer 26

-congenital blindness -strabismus -refractive errors (astigmatism, nearsightedness)

Question 27

implementation for sensory alterations

Answer 27

-orient patients to their environment -ensure assistive devices are available and in working condition -ensure patients know how to locate necessary items in hospital room -adapt communication -promote meaningful stimulation -quiet times in acute care settings -healthy use of screens, screen time -select appropriate clothing for touch deficits

Question 28

olfactory safety

Answer 28

-check expiration dates on food -smoke detectors -frequent visual checks when cooking

Question 29

tactile safety

Answer 29

-adjust water heater -discourage use of heating pads

Question 30

vision safety

Answer 30

-stairs and depth perception -lighting, day vs night -driving -large print labels on medications

Question 31

hearing safety

Answer 31

-doorbells, alarms. may need "light" notification instead -amplified receiver for phone