Sensory And Motor Pathways

Question 1

Special senses

Answer 1

Senses with receptors that are stimulate specific sensory organs.
This includes vision (eye), hearing(ear), smell (nose) and taste (tongue)

Question 2

Processes of sensation

Answer 2

1. Stimulation: when something touches the receptor(a change in the environment)
2. Transduction: converting one energy to the other
3. Conduction: the action potential moves along the neuron(could be myelinated or unmyelinated)
4. Translation: translates the impulse into a sensation

Question 3

Unencapsulated nerve endings

Answer 3

Bare dent rites of first-order sensory neurons

Question 4

Encapsulated nerve endings

Answer 4

Dentrites of first-order sensory neurons enclosed in a connective tissue capsule

Question 5

Sensory receptor cells

Answer 5

Highly specialized separate cells that synapse with a first-order sensory neuron

Question 6

General senses

Answer 6

Senses with receptors spread throughout the body.

Provide information about touch, pressure, itch, vibration, temperature, proprioception and pain

Question 7

Exteroreceptor

Answer 7

Located at or near the body surface

Question 8

Interoreceptor

Answer 8

Located in blood vessels, organs and the nervous system

Question 9

Proprioreceptor

Answer 9

Tells us where we are

Located in muscles

Question 10

Mechanoreceptor

Answer 10

Detects mechanical stimuli

Question 11

Thermoreceptor

Answer 11

Detects changes in temperature

Question 12

Nociceptor

Answer 12

Responds to painful stimuli

Question 13

Photoreceptor

Answer 13

Detects light

Question 14

Chemoreceptor

Answer 14

Detects chemicals in the mouth, nose, and body fluids

Question 15

Osmoreceptor

Answer 15

Detects change in osmotic pressure

Question 16

Somatic sensations

Answer 16

Come from stimulation of sensory receptor embedded in the skin

Question 17

Tactile sensations

Answer 17

Touch, pressure, vibration, itch, tickle

Question 18

Thermal sensations

Answer 18

Cold and warm

Question 19

Proprioceptive sensations

Answer 19

Kinesthesia and weight discrimination

Question 20

Somatic pain reception

Answer 20

Location: nearly every body tissue and respond to many stimuli: pressure, temperature
Pain receptors slowly adapt to the stimuli

Question 21

Somatic sensory pathways

Answer 21

Conduct sensory information from somatic receptors to the primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex

Question 22

Decussation

Answer 22

The pathways cross from one side of the CNS to the other at some point along their journey

Question 23

Relay

Answer 23

The pathways consist of a chain of 3 neurons.

Question 24

First order neuron

Answer 24

Conduct information from somatic sensory receptors to second order neurons.
Located in dorsal root ganglia

Question 25

Second order neurons

Answer 25

Type of inter neuron Conduct sensory information from first order neurons to third order neurons. Located in brain stem or spinal cord

Question 26

Third order neurons

Answer 26

Type of interneuron Conduct sensory information from second order neuron to neurons making up primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex Located in the thalamus

Question 27

Symmetry

Answer 27

All pathways are paired symmetrically with a member of the pair present on each side of the spinal cord and brain

Question 28

Features of somatic sensory pathway

Answer 28

1. Decussation 2. Relay 3. Symmetry 4. Somatotopy

Question 29

The Somatic Sensory Pathways

Answer 29

Medial lemniscus pathway Spinothalamic pathway Trigeminothalamic pathway

Question 30

Somatic motor pathway

Answer 30

Conduct motor information from cerebral cortex and brain stem to skeletal muscle

Question 31

Direct motor pathways

Answer 31

Convey muscles from the cerebral cortex that result in precise voluntary muscle movements

Question 32

The Direct Motor Pathways

Answer 32

Lateral corticospinal tract | Anterior corticospinal tract

Question 33

Corticobulbar tract

Answer 33

Promotes voluntary movements of the head and neck to coordinate precise voluntary movements Includes: eyes, tongue, neck Has 2 neurons