sensory system Flashcards by Amber Smith

what is the pupil

the hole in the middle of the eye where light passes

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what is the function of the pupil

it is where light passes

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what is the iris

the visible coloured ring that adjusts to control the amount of light entering the pupil

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what is the function of the iris

to adjust to control the amount of light entering the pupil

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what is the cornea

the transparent psrt at the front of the eye
it is protected by the conjunctiva

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what is the retina

inner lining of the eye that contains rods and cones

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what is the function of the lens

focuses light entering the eye

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what is the optic nerve

where nerve cells exit the eye to the brain

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what are the malfunctions of the eye

Glaucoma
Cataracts
Retinopathy
Age related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

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how is is glacuoma formed

pressure in the eyeball is caused by vitreous humour fluid building up and not draining properly
the tear ducts gets blocked/narrow with age
the build up of pressure causes fluid to press on the optic nerve, destroying it and causing blindness

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what are the causes of glaucoma

Age - tear ducts block/narrow with age
High blood pressure - increases amount of fluid in eye
Genetic link

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what are the symptoms of glaucoma

Blurred vision
Eye pain

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what are the treatments of glaucoma

eye drops to open up the drainage channel in the eye

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how is glaucoma diagnosed

a detailed eye test

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what are cataracts

Cloudy patches of protein that develop in the lens of the eye, causing blurry vision as light can’t hit the retina properly

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what are causes of cataracts

Age
Smoking

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what are symptoms of cataracts

Blurry vision and difficulty seeing in low light
Poor night vision and halos around light

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what are treatments of cataracts

surgery to remove and replace affected lens

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how is cataracts diagnosed

retinal check

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what is retinopathy

when high blood sugar levels damage the cells of the retina by weakening the small vessels and causing them to leak
Linked to diabetes

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what is the cause of retinopathy

Diabetes

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what are symptoms of retinopathy

Blurred vision and floaters in field of vision

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how is retinopathy treatment

Lifestyle changes - diet and treatment for diabetes
Regular eye exams

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how is retinopathy diagnosed

dialted eye check

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what is age related macular degeneration (AMD)

A painless eye condition that results in the loss of central vision Peripheral vision isnt affected

what are the affects of age related macular degeneration (AMD)

- vision gradually blurs, - reading becomes difficult - unemployment - dulls colours - affect facial recognition

what are the two types of age related macular degeneration (AMD)

Dry AMD Wet AMD

what happens in dry age related macular degeneration (AMD)

cells in macula become damaged due to deposits of drusen

what happens in wet age related macular degeneration (AMD)

abnormal blood vessels form underneath the macula and damages its cells

what are causes of age related macular degeneration (AMD)

Age

what are treatments of age related macular degeneration (AMD)

Medication Eye drops Laser eye surgery

what are symptoms of age related macular degeneration (AMD)

Blurred central vision and difficulty reading Straight lines appear wavy Hallucinations Objects may look smaller than they are Faded colours

what are the functions of the ear?

- hear sound - detect motion - maintain balance

what are the sections of the ear?

External (outer) ear Middle ear Inner ear

what is the outer ear made of?

cartilage

what is the function of the outer ear?

collect sound waves and channels it into the ear canals

what is the function of the inner ear?

Transform vibrations into electrical impulses that then travel along the auditory nerve to the brain

what is the function of the middle ear?

Transmits sound waves from external environments to inner ear

why does the middle ear need to remain at the right pressure?

For the ear drum to vibrate correctly and prevent it from bursting

where is the ear drum?

Middle ear Right at the end of the ear canal

what is the ear drum?

a thin flap of skin that stretches tight and vibrates when sound hits it

what are the auditory ossicles?

Malleus, incus and stapes Small bones in middle ear

where is malleus, incus and stapes found?

middle ear

what is the function of malleus, incus and stapes?

transmit air vibrations to inner ear so they can be processed as sound

what is the function of the ear drum?

Vibrates when sound hits its The vibrations move tiny bones in middle ear, sending it to inner ear

where is the cochlea?

Inner ear

what is the cochlea?

a fluid filled cavity in the inner ear

what is the role of the cochlea?

Protect ear from damage Convert vibrations into electric impulses

where is the organ of corti?

in the cochlea

what is the function of the organ of corti?

Convert sounds into impulses that can be transmitted to brainstem through auditory nerve

where is the eustachian tube?

middle ear

what are the functions of the Eustachian tube?

Balance pressure in the middle ear Drain fluid from middle ear Protect middle ear from sound pressure

where is the round window?

middle ear

what is the function of the auditory nerve?

transfer auditory information from cochlea to brain

where is the semicircular canals?

inner ear

what is the function of the semicircular canals?

fluid-filled tubes helping to keep balance

what is the malfunctions of the ear?

deafness

what are the two types of hearing loss?

Conductive hearing loss Sensorineural hearing loss

what causes deafness?

Some are born without hearing, but most deafness is caused by illness, injury to head, aging, exposure to loud noise, damage to components in ear

what are symptoms of deafness?

Sound is quiet Tinnitus

what is the treatment of deafness?

medical intervention

what are the causes of conductive hearing loss?

- When sound is unable to pass to middle ear - Blockage (e.g. earwax) or build up of fluid from infection - perforated ear drum - disorder of hearing bones

what is the disorder of hearing bones?

when the bones become fused and don't pass sound across the middle ear

what are the causes of sensorineural hearing loss?

- Damage to sensitive hair cells in the organ of corti in inner ear - damage to auditory nerve

what is mixed hearing loss?

when someone experiences sensorineural hearing loss and conductive hearing loss

what are the aids for hearing?

Hearing aids Lip reading/ sign language Cochlear implants

what are hearing aids?

Small digital or analogue amplifying devices worn in/behind the ear(s) to magnify sound

what are cochlear implants?

Small devices that detect sounds and send impulses to the brain

sensory system Flashcards

(70 cards)