Sentence Correction Flashcards
What are indefinite pronouns?
pronouns end in -one, -thing, -body
quantifiers (any, many, more, most, much, few, some, several, none, one, each)
all, another, both, either, neither, other
What are indefinite pronouns that can use singular or plural verbs? How does the rule apply?
SANAM (some, any, none, all, most)
singular or plural verbs depend on whether subject is plural or singular
Absolute adjective
adjective that can not be intensified
what are adjective can be intensified?
tall (taller), big (bigger)
What are the examples of absolute adjective?
perfect, square, circular, dead, essential, immortal, universal (can’t be more more dead/ perfect)
How do we write correct ways for “more circular” or “more fatal” ?
more nearly circular (closer to being a perfect circle than something else)
more likely fatal
When do we use present perfect tense verbs (have/has verb)?
indicate the action started in the past and is either still true or still happening.
what does ‘past perfect tense’ sentence describe?
the past of the past
T or F. Please do it quick
F. Please do it quickly
T or F. The performer dances lively, delighting the children.
F.
lively is adjective and thus can’t attach to verb.
The performer’s lively dance delights the children
Do you use semicolon for “but” , “and”
for GMAT: usually it is a suspect
but to make your sentence structure clearer, you can use it
e.g: Self compassion is made of mindfulness, the ability to manage thoughts and emotions without being carried away or repressing them; common humanity, an empathy with the sufferings of others; and self-kindness, a recognition of your own suffering and a commitment to solving the problem
T or F. The part of a sentence before a colon must be an independent clause
T
T o F. We are concerned about the forests, also the oceans
F. We are concerned about the forests and the oceans
T or F. We work all night, and we sleep all day.
Parallelism is correct, given “and” an appropriate conjunction
What are the meaning of “as” in a sentence?
during, because/ since
in the same way, in the role of
in the stage of being
T or F. As a part of the arrangement, he received severance.
F. As part of the arrangement, he received severance
T or F. As being a child, I delivered newspapers
F. As a child, I delivered newspapers
T or F. As we did last year, we will win this year.
T (as = just as= in the same way)
T or F. We have as many apples than you
F. We have as many apples as you.
T or F. We have three times as many more pears as you.
F. 1) We have three times as many pears as you.
2) We have three times more pears than you
T or F. His knowledges springs as much from experience as from schooling.
T.
T or F. We have 10 apples, about equivalent to what we picked yesterday.
F. We have 10 apples, about as many as we picked yesterday
T or F. She was interested both in plants and animals.
F.
1) She was interested both in plants and in animals or
2) She was interested in both plants and animals
T or F. She was interested both in plants as well as in animals
F.
correct idiom: both…and
T or F. I study effectively although taking frequent naps.
F.
although = subordianting conjunction: requires full clause
T or F. The judge considers the law as illegal
F. The judge considers the law illegal
T or F. It is expected that the price will fall
Grammatically Correct but Avoid if Possible on GMAT
Fix: The price is expected to fall
T or F. There is an expectation of the price falling.
Grammatically Correct but Avoid if Possible on GMAT
T or F. It is expected that the price should fall
F. (expect means the action in future)
T or F. The price rose from 3 euros up to 10 euros
F.
The price rose from 3 euros to 10 euros
T or F. She drank coffee for staying awake.
F.
Fix: She drank coffee to stay awake (“to” = purpose/goal)
T or F. Matt drives fast cars LIKE his sister’s
T. (both drive similar cars - fast cars)
T or F. Matt drives fast cars like his sister does.
F.
Like can’t be used for action comparison, only noun
Fix: Matt drives fast cars as his sister [drives fast cars]
T or F. She did not eat mangoes but liked other kinds of fruit and later began to like kiwis, too
T.
T or F. We wore not only boots and also sandals
F.
‘Not only’ …. ‘but/but also’
T or F. We wore not only boots but, as well sandals.
F.
‘Not only’ …. ‘but/but also’
T or F. We wore boots and also sandals
Grammatically Correct but Avoid if Possible on GMAT
T or F. He wrote with pencils, but not pen.
Grammatically Correct but Avoid if Possible on GMAT
T or F. He wrote with pencils instead of with pens.
F - “instead of” + V-ing
Fix: He wrote with pencils instead of writing with pens
T or F. She requires of her friend to do work
F.
require someone + to infinitive form
T or F. This result seems like it demonstrates the new theory
F.
Like is used to compare NOUN and not CLAUSE
T or F. The book was of such shortness that I could read it.
F.
T or F. She gave money so the school could offer scholarship
F.
1) She gave money so that the school could offer scholarship (“so that” = purpose)
2) She gave money, so the school could offer scholarship (“,so…” = effect/result)
T or F. Matt enjoys driving such cars as Ferraris.
T.
T or F. Matt enjoys intense activities, such as to drive fast cars.
F. (such as driving fast car)
T or F. His books are more impressive as those of other writers.
F. (more impressive than)
T or F. The paper cost 50 cents as much as that one.
F.
cents are countable
T or F. Sales are higher this year over last year.
F.
Higher + Than (Comparison Structure)
those of last year/ last year’s - Parallelism
T or F. She is expected to be appointed as chairperson.
F. She is expected to be appointed chairperson
T or F. We have one chance in a million of winning the World Cup
T.
T or F. iPhone users download two to four times as many more games, video, and other Web data as other smartphone users.
F.
as many as or more _____ than
So [adjective] as to [verb] meaning:
“very” or “really”
i.e: Ex: We aren’t so stupid as to believe anything he said.
T or F. I respectfully ask that he be allowed
T.
subjunctive mood: hope, proposal, desire and request + ‘that’ + infinitive form [without ‘to’]
Two independent Clauses should be separated by?
comma + conjunction or semicolon/colon
T or F. The reason John went to the bank is because he wanted to open an account.
False.
Reason…..because = redundant
It should be “The reason John went to the bank is that he wanted to open an account.”
However much
Despite how much/ Regardless
What does structure of ‘and thus + main verb’ mean in sentence?
What comes after “and thus”?
synonym of “and thus”
In this way
parallelism or an independent clause
“and hence”
e.g: The dog ran circles around the yard and thus was exhausted from her escapades.
What is an alternative to ‘thus’ in ‘thus’ verb-ing structure? (for more formal)
What requires before “thus V-ing”?
” , thereby”
comma
What does structure of ‘thus + verb-ing’ do in sentence?
introduce the result of an action within a single sentence.
Ex: Improvements in environmental impact are achieved by utilizing nanostructure particulates in coatings, thus eliminating the requirement for toxic solvents.
“In 1623 Wilhelm Schickard built the first mechanical calculator and thus became the father of the computing era.” What does thus mean in this sentence?
in this way
T or F. Social researchers have calculated that the annual cost of alcohol abuse to Ukraine is approximately $70 million per year in foregone personal income
F. “annual cost” …. “per year” = redundant
T or F. A weak currency prompts companies that export to country X to raise prices, making it more difficult for country X consumers to afford products imported from Asian and European, where regions that rely heavily on exports as engines of economic growth.
F. “where” … “region” = redundant
synonym of “but not”
What does it go after “but not”
except of
a noun
What is the main difference between using like and as?
Like: Can only be used to compare nouns
As: Can be used to compare clauses
What is the correct form of using “just as”
“Just as + Clause……..so + Clause”
T or F. Danica Patrick is a notable racer on the Indy circuit, showing once again that women can compete with men.
F - due to Logical Predication. How Danica being a notable racer shows that women can compete with men?
It would be True if “Danica won a notable race on the Indy circuit, showing…”
T or F. “All of” is singular
False. “All of” can be either singular or plural, depending on the nouns after it.
Ex: all of them are vs all of the water is
T or F. Nouns must go after “Just as” vs Clause must go after “Like”
F. It reverses
mislead - past simple and past participate form
mislead, misled (past simple) and misled (past participate)
Difference between “due to” and “because of”
present reasons for a noun vs present a reasons for an action.
Ex:
1) His frustration was due to the mucked up windscreen
2) I missed the class because of the rain
T or F. You can use “due to” and “because of” interchangeably
False.
When in doubt of use “due to”, what trick you can use?
Usage of ‘due to’ is correct if the sentence makes sense when ‘due to’ is replaced with ’caused by’.
more so
(such as an attribute or quality) to a greater degree or extent
Ex: The play was impressive—(all) the more so because the students had written it themselves.
Plural of moose
moose
The number of ___ is (singular/ plural)
A number of ___ is (singular/ plural)
singular since it is used as a subject
Ex: The number of people lined up for tickets was four hundred
plural since it is used as a subject modifier
Ex: There are a number of important announcements in the bulletin.
means (n)
a method or way of doing something
money
a man/woman of means
a means to an end
a rich man/woman
something that you do because it will help you to achieve something else
Ex: For me, going to college is just a means to an end, a way to get a better job.
T or F. We can use “like” to quote examples.
T.
Like/such as is not a factor to pick an answer choice on GMAT for quoting
What is the plural form of fish?
fish
past tense and past participle of “cast”
cast -> cast (not casted)
T or F. In ‘or, either/or, neither/nor’ sentence, main verb agrees with the noun or pronoun closest to it.
T
Ex: Pokémon Go, has piqued consumer interest in augmented reality, a technology that neither Apple nor Apple’s competitors have been able to incorporate into a successful product, application, or service till now.
How is preposition placed in ‘both… and’ ?
both preposition ___ and preposition ___
preposition both ___ and ____
Ex: She was interested in both plants and animals
T or F. Corporations need to rethink both about where they focus their philanthropy and about how they go about their giving.
T.
What is the rule for prepositional phrases that are used in a parallel series, prepositions (with, to, of, over, under, by, etc.)
proposition should be repeated with every element of the series unless all elements use the same preposition.
Ex: The baby flung spaghetti strands on the walls, on the counters, and under the table.
What are the proper nouns?
Nouns that are spelled in capitalized letters (i.e: Tuesday, USA, Harvard University..)
What are the compound nouns?
a noun that contains more than one word (either separate or hyphenated)
Ex: landlord, bookkeeper, attorney-at-law, nail-bitter,…)
T or F. In compound nouns, the second noun is modifying the first noun.
False.
The first noun becomes an adjective, modifying the second noun
Ex: kitchen sink, dog collar, love poem..
What is the singular form of species?
species
What are the quantifiers for countable nouns?
many, few, a number of, a large number of, a great number of,
What are the quantifier for uncountable nouns?
much, a little, a bit of,
a large amount of
a great deal of
What are the quantifiers for all types of noun?
SPANNALS (several, plenty of, any, no, none, a lot of, lots of, some)
What kind of attitude, does a few and a little indicate?
positive attitude: Implying that although the speaker may not have much, he has enough.
What is the speaker implying?
“I’ve got a little money.”
“I’ve got a few friends.”
I have enough money
I have enough friends.
What kind of attitude, does few and little imply?
negative attitude: Indicating a total lack of the noun, but speaker is more polite than saying so directly.
What is the speaker implying?
“Few people visited him in hospital.”
“I have little time for TV”
He had almost no visitors, or perhaps no visitors at all.
Almost no time, or perhaps no time at all
What are the comparative and superlative grade quantifier for countable nouns?
more, fewer
most, fewest
What are the comparative grade quantifier for uncountable nouns?
more, less
most, least
T or F. Enough can only be used for uncountable nouns?
F - It can be used for both countable and uncountable nouns
What are subject pronouns?
What are object pronouns?
What are possessive pronouns?
What are the reflexive pronouns?
I, you, he, she, it, we, they
me, you, him, her, it, them, us
mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself,..
What are the interrogative pronouns?
who, whom, which, whose
