Seperating Solutions

Question 1

How do you do simple distillation?

Answer 1

1)The liquid is first heated
2)the liquid has a lower boiling point that the solid so it will evaporate first
3)the liquid turns into gas
4)the gas is cooled into the condenser
5)condensed water gets collected into the beaker

Question 2

How do u do fractional distillation?

Answer 2

Used with liquids with different boiling points
1)heat it up the liquid
2)the liquid with the lower boiling point evaporates first
3)the liquid with the lower boiling point will condense into the beaker
4)if the other liquid starts evaporating as well the fractional columns stop this as it is cooler on top than it is on the bottom so it will condense back
5) the process is repeated for the other liquid

Question 3

How do u do filtration?

Answer 3

Using a funnel,funnel paper and conical flask
Pour the mixture onto the funnel
The solid is stuck on the filter paper
The liquid filters down into the conical flask

Question 4

How do u do for crystallisation? (4)

Answer 4

Firstly gently heat the mixture
Once u see crystals forming stop the heat
Let it cool down so that more crystals form
Let it dry, once all the liquid is gone filter or scrape off the crystals

Question 5

How do u paper chromatography?

Answer 5

Draw a pencil line as your starting point on the chromatography paper
Put some ink
Place the paper into the solvent (make sure the pencil line is above the solvent)
Once the ink is done going up u can measure it

Question 6

How to make potable water?

Answer 6

1) sedimentation- the water is stored in a large tank or reservoir —> slows the flow of water to let large,insoluble particles settle to the bottom, cleaner water at the top gets taken for the next stage
2) filtration- water gets sprayed onto layers of sand and gravel, as the water goes through it smaller insoluble particles are removed, the water is now ready for the next stage
3) chlorination- chlorine gas is injected into the water —>chlorine is poisonous and so kills microbes

Question 7

What is filtration?

Answer 7

Used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid or soluble substance

Question 8

What is chromatography?

Answer 8

Used to seperate a mixture of soluble substances

Question 9

What is crystallisation?

Answer 9

Separating a soluble solid from its solvent

Question 10

What is distillation?

Answer 10

Separating a liquid from a solution or mixture of liquids
The mixture of chemicals must have very different boiling points

Question 11

What is the stationary phase?

Answer 11

The paper

Question 12

What is the mobile phase?

Answer 12

The solvent

Question 13

How to calculate the Rf?

Answer 13

Distance moved by substance/distance moved by solvent