September 2

Question 1

Protein Structure

Answer 1

1°: Order of amino acids

2°: Folding and binding of polypeptide chain, alpha helix, Beta pleated sheets due to hydrogen bonding

3°: Additional folding and bonding give unique 3-D shape

4°: not all proteins, mutlitple polypeptide chains

Question 2

Denaturation

Answer 2

Unfolded protein, bonds are broken which leads to unfolding and loss of function

Reversible or irreversible

Due to chemicals, pH, temperature

Gentle: reversible

Harsh: high temperature, irreversible

Question 3

Protein Functions

Answer 3

1. Enzymes
2. Structural
3. Membrane bound proteins

Question 4

Cell Structure

Answer 4

Cytoplasmic membrane: under cell wall if present, controls what enters and leaves the cell

Cytoplasm

Ribosomes

Question 5

Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 5

DNA (most) enclosed in a membrane-bound nucleus

Typically larger than prokaryotes

Contain organelles (sER, rER, golgi, mitochondria, chloroplasts)

Question 6

Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 6

No nucleus (nucleoid region)

No membrane-bound organelles

Smaller than eukaryotic cells

Question 7

Viruses

Answer 7

Acellular

Nonliving

No metabolic activity

Use biosynthetic machinery of host cell

Extremely small

Question 8

Chemoorganotroph

Answer 8

Energy comes from the oxidation of organic molecules

Question 9

Chemolithotroph

Answer 9

Unique to prokaryotes, energy comes from the oxidation of inorganic molecules

Question 10

Phototroph

Answer 10

Pigments that harness light energy (more than just chlorophyll)

Oxygenic photosynthesis

Anoxygenic photosynthesis

Question 11

Autotroph

Answer 11

CO₂ carbon source

Primary producers

Question 12

Heterotroph

Answer 12

One or more organic molecules are used as carbon source

Consumers

Question 13

Proteobacteria

Answer 13

Largest division of bacteria