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James - CIB Modules SF > Serious Crime (From Bully) > Flashcards

Serious Crime (From Bully) Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the reasons for the OC Investigation, OC Area Canvas and OC Suspects visiting the external or general scene of a serious crime prior to conducting area canvas? (3)

A
  1. To make reconnaissance of the area.
  2. Conduct an appreciation.
  3. Set the parameters and objective of the area canvas.
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2
Q

During the course of a criminal trial the OC Witnesses must maintain control over the witnesses. What specific instructions must be given to the witness relating to the conduct at the court?

A

Ensure witnesses do not:

  1. Have any contact or communication with jurors.
  2. Discuss the case in public areas while waiting to give evidence.
  3. Discuss the case with witnesses waiting after they have given evidence.
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3
Q

During the course of some criminal trials it is necessary for Police to consider that witness intimidation may occur. By maintaining contact with a witness who may be the subject of intimidation, what information can the OC Case or OC Witness ascertain?

A
  • More likely be aware of threats/intimidation/interference
  • take appropriate action (witness protection)
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4
Q

[SCENE] Explain what a Common Approach Path (CAP) is used for at serious crime scenes.

A

The path for all movements into and out of the scene that avoids any route possibly taken by the victim or suspect.

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5
Q

How do witnesses refresh their memories in Court?

A

At Court, request the witness refresh their memory by reading any previously signed statement(s) or interview transcripts.

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6
Q

How should a preliminary interview be conducted? (3)

A
  1. conducted in accordance Investigative Interviewing Witness Guide
  2. limited to using appropriate open ‘TEDS’ questions
  3. framed to elicit a brief account of the events witnessed, including 5WH
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7
Q

If a witness may have evidence from the victim/suspect/scene on them, what must the interviewing officer do before an interview?

What types of physical evidence may be present on the witness?

A

Prepare a plan to preserve and recover all physical evidence from the witness.

  1. DNA,
  2. fingerprints,
  3. clothes,
  4. footwear,
  5. fibres,
  6. body fluids,
  7. glass or
  8. other material (0.25 marks each)
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8
Q

In a serious crime investigation it may be necessary for a Police doctor to examine a suspect. Apart from taking samples and noting injuries on the suspect, what other matters can the doctor attend to?

A
  1. Provide a professional opinion regarding the condition of the suspect.
  2. Record any explanations or comments made by the suspect about the offence or the cause of any injuries.
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9
Q

In the case of a homicide, who takes the victim impact statements from family?

A Victim Impact Statement should be no older than how many days at sentencing?

A

Homicide trained Victim Support volunteers take VIS for police from surviving members.

No older than 28 days.

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10
Q

State two reasons why it is important to conduct a risk assessment relating to a witness to a serious offence.

A

A risk assessment must be conducted to establish the extent to which a witness might be at risk of:

  1. Intimidation
  2. Physical harm
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11
Q

What action must Police take when attending a scene where a body has been disturbed?

A
  1. Do not attempt to restore the scene to its original unchanged condition.
  2. Make enquiries to enable the original unchanged scene to be subsequently reconstructed and photographed, if required.
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12
Q

What action must the OC Exhibits take when becoming aware that further enquiries are required in relation to a particular exhibit?

A

highlight this to the 2IC so that follow-up enquiries can be initiated

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13
Q

[DISCLOSURE] What are the key responsibilities of the disclosure manager? (8)

A
  1. relevant + discoverable = disclose
  2. relevant + non-discoverable = list and advise
  3. ID non-discoverable = don’t disclose
  4. lawful justification withhold still?
  5. Robust auditable systems to record disclosure
  6. timeframes - Act/Court
  7. Keep all correspondence with defence counsel.
  8. NIA update
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14
Q

What are the two main purposes for Police attending at the scene of any death?

A
  1. To investigate thoroughly.
  2. Gather sufficient evidence to explain the circumstances of the death.
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15
Q

What is the purpose of a crime scene examination? (10)

A
  1. crime been com​mitted?
  2. key elements as basis for enquiry.
  3. ID the suspect
  4. ID people associated with the crime
  5. has victim had contact with the scene
  6. exonerate the innocent
  7. corroborate or contest witness’ and victims’ accounts
  8. corroborate or exclude other evidence relating to the crime or incident.
  9. verify confessions and admissions
  10. exclude possible defences
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16
Q

What is the purpose of a scene guard and the log maintained by that person? (4)

A

To ensure:

  • ENTRY - there is no unauthorised entry into the scene
  • INTEGRITY - integrity of evidence or potential evidence is secured
  • INTEL - intelligence opportunities are maximised
  • CONTAM. - contamination issues are managed.
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17
Q

What should a scene guard be briefed on? (10)

A

brief:

  • OC and others
  • replacement

scene:

  1. don’t disturbing it
  2. protect it (animals)
  3. secure it (deny entry to people not authorised)
  4. control it - CAP and supervision

record:

  • details
    • name and designation
    • authority to enter
    • purpose of visit
    • time of entry and exit
  • record movements of people and vehicles to/from/near scene.
  • do not discuss events with witnesses, bystanders or media
  • be courteous
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18
Q

When a Crown Solicitor directs Police to interview an alibi witness what actions must he Police take?

A
  1. Enquires - veracity of alibi
  2. enquiries - as directd by OC inv. or Crown
  3. Forward the results of these enquiries to the Crown Solicitor, including any statements obtained.
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19
Q

While most offences of homicide are identified as a result of a body being found or by a person responsible for the offence making admissions, some incidents notified to the police are not initially identifiable as a homicide. Describe four such instances.

A
  1. Missing person.
  2. SUDs - infant
  3. Unexplained death.
  4. Abduction.
  5. Violence (where no fatalities are anticipated)
  6. Hit and run vehicular collision
  7. Suicide
  8. Fatal fire
  9. Drugs
  10. Crime scene without a body present.
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20
Q

Whose responsibility is it to:

  • notify the Coroner early of the death, as detailed in the Police Manual chapter
    ‘Contacting a Coroner’
  • arrange the post-mortem examination, in consultation with the Coroner
  • consult the Pathologist before the post-mortem commences, regarding the relevance and benefit of conducting X-ray or CT/CAT scans of the body.
A

OC Investigation

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21
Q

Describe two types of information that can be obtained from Police intelligence systems when carrying out a risk assessment during the planning phase for an area canvass.

A

Whether staff should be aware of:

  1. Violent offenders
  2. Persons wanted by Police for other crimes or wanted on warrant
  3. Groups with particular linguistic or cultural needs.
  4. Local incidents or issues which residents may raise with Police
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22
Q

During a briefing for an area canvass what is the appropriate instruction to give staff who may speak to a witness who has evidence of possible probative value?

A

FWS not a notebook

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23
Q

How can the OC Area Canvas ensure that staff morale remains high? (2)

A
  • regular feedback on the way canvas enquires are contributing to the progress of the investigation,
  • updates on progress being made with other phases of the enquiry.
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24
Q

List 4 things to consider that may benefit an area canvas

A
  1. use of experts - ILO’s etc
  2. use of aide-memoir and script - anything to ensure staff have everything they need. e.g. victim photographs
  3. Leaflets - especially for those reluctant to talk initially
  4. other options:
  • media
  • poster campaign
  • mail drop
  • high profile police presence. use mobile police base
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25
Q

Upon the completion of the Area Canvas phase the OC Area Canvas must submit a report to the OC Investigation outlining the circumstances of this particular aspect of the investigation. What matters must the report contain? (3)

A
  1. Summary of all actions taken.
  2. Any significant findings highlighted
  3. Attention drawn to any action that has been undertaken which was outside of the original phase strategy.
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26
Q

What matters should the OC Area Canvas record in detailed master record of ongoing progress?

A
  1. Addresses visitied
  2. Occupants interviewed
  3. Documentation completed
  4. Relevant comments made.
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27
Q

Why is it important in some cases to conduct an area canvass at the same time as the original offence occurred?

A

To capture people who regularly pass through that area at that time of the day.

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28
Q

How can a body be identified when decomposed, dismembered or otherwise unsuitable for visual identification?

A
  1. Fingerprints
  2. DNA profiling
  3. Dental records
  4. Medical:
    • including scars,
    • birth marks,
    • tattoos,
    • amputations
    • prostheses,
    • x-rays,
    • surgical wounds
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29
Q

Detail the responsibilities of the OC Body regarding exhibits taken from the body at the mortuary.

A
  1. Recording
  2. Labelling
  3. Sealing
  4. Securing all physical exhibits relating to the body, including samples taken during the post mortem.
  5. All exhibits must be packaged and sealed before leaving the mortuary without exception and will be recorded in a Scene Exhibits Schedule.
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30
Q

Prior to removing the body the OC Body should make an appreciation in respect of the body which considers the following factors (9)

A
  1. Notification/response - Coroner
  2. Views of attending pathologist/ESR forensic scientist/Crown Solicitor attending the crime scene
  3. Consultation with other relevant experts
  4. Requirement for any examination or action needed before removal, based on known facts of the case
  5. Best method and route for the body removal, to minimise contamination of the scene or the body, for example by using sterile stepping plates
  6. Supervision of the body removal
  7. Chain of custody of the body from the scene to the mortuary
  8. Safe custody of exhibits
  9. Family and/or cultural considerations
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31
Q

The OC Body is responsible for arranging the formal identification of the victim. What instructions must the OC Body provide to the family or friends who are to make the identification?

A

They must be fully informed of what is required of them and what they should expect to see when they view the deceased, especially after a post mortem has taken place.

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32
Q

The OC Body is responsible for preparing the Sudden Death (1S) file and submit as soon as possible. What are the four documents that must be included on the file?

A
  1. victims formal ID.
  2. Copy of POL47 (report for the Coroner) or POL47A (infant)
  3. Copy of Deceased Person Certificate POL265
  4. Copy of Deceased Person Identification form POL265A
33
Q

What are the responsibilities of OC Body? (10)

A
  1. Sudden death procedures
    • Deceased person certifiate (POL265)
    • Formal ID (POL265A)
  2. Medical staff/others who attended the victim
  3. Security/integrity of body, samples and exhibits from sene to PM
  4. Guard - body, samples and exhibits

body:

  1. observations
  2. actions taken in respect of it
  3. moved?
  4. photographed in situ
34
Q

When should the OC Body strip the body of clothing or personal effects?

A

Immediately before the post mortem, but only on specific direction of OC Investigation

35
Q

Who should be appointed OC Body?

A

An experienced investigator with awareness of forensic issues.

36
Q

When dealing with a suspect a the scene of a serious crime, what specific physical matters relevant to the suspect must you consider?

A
  1. Consider the condition of the suspect.
  2. Whether they are injured.
  3. Under the influence of alcohol/drugs.
  4. Suffer from a medical or mental impairment or other special consideration.
37
Q

Initial action of Disclosure Manager when appointed to the role. (3)

A
  1. Read the Disclosure Managers desk file
  2. Use IMT for investigation.
  3. Receive brief from 2IC - what is and is not discoverable
38
Q

Section 10(4) of the Criminal Disclosure Act 2008 governs the disclosure of material to the defence.

What does this section state about how disclosure can be supplied?

A

It may be supplied in whatever form, including electronically, that the person disclosing the information holds it in at the time the request is made, provided this is readily accessible to the defendant.

39
Q

Describe what is meant by ‘The Chain of Custody’ and state the purpose

A

The chain of custody includes every individual who has had custody of an exhibit from the time it was first discovered until the time it is produce in Court. It is used to demonstrate the integrity, and therefore admissibility of exhibits.

40
Q

In smaller investigations the OC Exhibits in conjunction with the OC Investigation may conduct an appreciation and facilitate a thorough interrogation of every exhibit. What is the purpose of this procedure? (3)

A

To establish the:

  1. Evidential value of each exhibit.
  2. Investigation opportunities presented by each exhibit.
  3. Further enquiries that are needed.
41
Q

Prior to a criminal trial relating to a serious offence who makes the decision as to what exhibits are to be prepared and produce at the trial?

A

OC Investigations and OC Exhibits decide what exhibits to produce and how they are to be produced.

42
Q

The OC Exhibits has a responsibility to maintain an awareness of the significance of each exhibit and what examinations may be available. What other specific matters regarding each exhibit must he OC Exhibits determine? (2 group)

A

The OC Exhibits will :

  1. determine, plan and record the examination
  2. and interrogate of every exhibit and establish its relevance to the investigation.
43
Q

What action can be taken to preserve the integrity of the exhibits register?

A

As few people as possible handle the exhibit

44
Q

What is the purpose of a Forensic Strategy Meeting?

A

To determine which exhibits require further examination and the priority of those examinations.

45
Q

Why is it important to develop a forensic strategy for the examination of exhibits?

A

It allows the OC Exhibits to prioritise tasks in line with the direction of the investigation.

46
Q

What needs to be done with an exhibit before it is received by OC Exhibits and placed in the exhibit room? (4)

A
  1. Labelled with:
    1. exhibit number,
    2. operation name
    3. exhibit description,
    4. name, time, date & location it was found
  2. Exhibit schedule updated
  3. Correctly package and sealed and the label is visible
  4. Any action necessary to preserve the exhibit has been taken (e.g. drying blood)
47
Q

What are the duties of the File Manager? (7)

A

Depends on system used to store information but includes:

  1. set up / maintain HQ
  2. deal with paper flow and documents
  3. read all docs and highlight important info to 2IC.
  4. ID and record evidential material
  5. synopsis of all docs received
  6. assist with prosecution file
  7. assist with trial
48
Q

What 6 things must the File Manager ensure are present when setting up the investigation headquarters in a serious crime investigation? (6)

A
  1. Location
  2. Office support staff
  3. Transport
  4. Equipment
  5. Communications
  6. ICT requirements.
49
Q

Describe why it is important for the Family Liaison Officer to identify the cultural origins of the victim’s family and to ensure they are familiar with relevant cultural beliefs and protocols.

A

To enhance relations with the family and to contribute to the victim’s profile.

50
Q

List duties of the Family Liaison Officer in their role as an investigator. (4)

A

responsible for:

  1. PROFILE the victim.
  2. Preparing a family TREE.
  3. Gathering all relevant information from the family.
  4. Taking statements to identify the victim.
51
Q

What is the responsibility of the Family Liaison Officer (FLO)?

A

update victim family with progress of both the enquiry and Court proceedings, as directed by the 2IC.

52
Q

What should a Family Liaison Plan consider? (9)

A

FLO:

    • selection and criteria
  2. FLO - exit plan
  3. FLO - objectives

Family:

  • information released/withheld
  • requests not agreed to and why
  • complaints and resolution
  • best interview way (specialists?)
  • are family suspects?
  1. VS and services
53
Q

A priority at a serious crime incident is to establish the physical condition of the victim. What are the three categories of the victim’s medical status?

A
  1. uninjured
  2. Injured
  3. No sign of life.
54
Q

Initial action at serious crime:

Before attending the scene (5)

A
  1. Circumstances not checklist
  2. Get all available information.
  3. Consider requesting the complainant to assist/observe, if safe to do so.
  4. Appreciation
  5. Plan. considering the relevant factors:
    • Consider safety of self and others.
    • Identify and apprehend suspect(s).
    • Contain and control witnesses.
    • Preserve scene.
55
Q

Initial action at serious crime:

En route (3)

A
  • Look out for the suspect.
  • Note/stop any vehicles attempting to leave the scene.
  • Prioritise tasks and assign duties, e.g. VOWES, i.e. Victim, Offender, Witnesses, Exhibits and (immediate) Scene.
56
Q

Initial action at serious crime:

If a victim is injured (7)

A
  1. first aid
  2. prelim
  3. if expected to die, consider taking a statement from the victim
  4. treat the victim as a scene. Do not move them.
  5. Take DNA swabs from victim skin, if appropriate
  6. record/photograph any injuries
  7. If victim taken to hospital, police must:
    • accompany the victim to hospital,
    • ascertain the victim’s medical condition,
    • preserve clothing,
    • debrief medical staff,
    • update OC investigations
57
Q

Initial action at serious crime:

If victim is apparently dead (7)

A
  1. Ambo - resuscitation
  2. Life extinct (unless obvious)
  3. Don’t move the body. Record previous movements.
  4. ID?
  5. Sketch/Photos
  6. Record:
    • exhibits,
    • body position,
    • lividity (gravitational settling of blood),
    • injuries &
    • clothes.
  7. Update to the OC Investigation.
58
Q

Initial action at serious crime:

Managing the media (2)

A
  1. Keep them away from immediate crime scene
  2. make no comment
59
Q

Initial action at serious crime:

On arrival (8)

A

Arrival:

  • Log arrival Comms
  • Appreciation
  • Ensure the safety of yourself, colleagues, victim and others
  • SITREP and SFP if needed

then

  • Establish CAP
  • Record relevant information.
  • Control the scene
    • control people
    • consider S&S12
  • Locate and prelim complainant
60
Q

Initial response Police at a serious crime incident must make a risk assessment. What is the key priority of this risk assessment?

A

The safety of Police, other responders and those present at the scene.

61
Q

Initial action at serious crime:

Scene (11)

A
  1. initial assessment/appreciation

4Cs:

  1. Clear the scene.
  2. Cordon parameters
  3. CAP
  4. Crime scene logs. - brief guards
  • Stepping plates (if time allows)
  • Protect scene (weather etc)

Record:

  1. 5WH
  2. Sketch/photos
  • Call for assistance/resources as necessary.
  • Report to OC Investigations
62
Q

Initial action at serious crime:

Suspects (8)

A
  1. Isolate suspect.
  2. Ask suspect to remain & co-operate.
  3. Consider arrest
  4. Consider S&S12
  5. Routes suspect used to arrive/leave
  6. Note suspect:
    1. appearance,
    2. demeanour and
    3. condition.
  7. Record suspect comments
  8. Consider a preliminary interview where appropriate, and return to a Police station as soon as possible.
63
Q

What is the first thing to consider when undertaking a course of action at a serious crime scene?

A

What risks may exist.

64
Q

[IA] What is VAWSEIPO?

A

Victim - ID and locate

Appreciation - including risk

Witnesses - locate and contain

Scene - preserve

Exhibits - note evidence and preserve any that would otherwise be lost

Ingredients

Powers

Offenders - ID and apprehend

65
Q

What may the preliminary interview lead to? (4)

A
  1. early ID/arrest of suspect
  2. recovery of evidence
  3. prevention of disposal or destruction of evidence .
  4. prevention further offences.
66
Q

Where a victim is likely to die of injuries and you are considering taking a verbal statement. How can Police satisfy the Court that the statement is admissible?

A

s18(1)(a) EA06

Take steps to ensure the content and the person who made the statement are reliable

67
Q

Initial action at serious crime:

Witnesses (5)

A
  • Contain, Isolate and seek witnesses’ co-operation.
  • Prioritise interviews by investigative importance.
  • Conduct scoping interviews.
  • Photograph witnesses/injuries.
  • Consider whether witnesses are ‘scenes’.
68
Q

At the conclusion of the post mortem, the OC Body must hand all exhibits to the OC Exhibits. List the other three things that the OC Body must also provide.

A
  1. The post mortem Scene Exhibit Schedule
  2. Copy of notebook entries by the OC Body
  3. Formal written statement
69
Q

What is the primary reason for a post-mortem?

What are 7 other reasons?

A

Determine the cause of death

victim:

  • time
  • mode
  • ID?
  • nature/size weapon used
  • events at scene contribute to death

suspect:

  • height and build
  • areas of interest for subsequent interviews
  • negate defences
70
Q

What specific experts must be notified and their attendance requested for a post mortem?

A
  1. Police photographer.
  2. Fingerprint officer.
  3. ESR scientist
71
Q

When should OC Body make notes of PM discussions?

A

Only when directed to by the OC Investigation

72
Q

When skeletal remains are found what information can the pathologist provide?

A
  1. Whether the remains are actually bones.
  2. Whether bones are human
  3. The age, gender, height and racial origins of the person
73
Q

[PM] Who may be present at a post mortem? List 6

A
  1. pathologist
  2. assisting pathologist (if authorised by the Coroner)
  3. Coroner
  4. Police
  5. a doctor representing the interests of a suspect who has or may be charged in relation to the death (if authorised by the Coroner)
  6. any other doctor or trainee doctor (if authorised by the Coroner)
  7. any other person authorised by a Coroner.
74
Q

Describe four matters that must be recorded in a Crime Scene Log to maintain the integrity of the scene.

A
  1. Identify the keeper of the record.
  2. Movements
  3. Names
  4. Times
  5. Reasons for entry and exit to the scene.
75
Q

How do you determine the priorities when investigating suspects?

A

Investigate suspects in order of priority as deterimed by OC Investigation. Aspects that might influence priorities are:

  • weight of evidence against a person
  • likelihood of them leaving the area.
  • urgency in solving the case or staffing.

Where no suspects then priority should be given to anonymous information.

76
Q

List 6 ways suspects may be identified?

A
  1. area canvas
  2. intel analysis
  3. fingerprints
  4. DNA samples
  5. witness evidence
  6. CHIS
77
Q

What are the responsibilities of OC Suspects?

A
  1. Brief suspect team. Briefing includes:
  • circumstanes of offence, scene and witness evidence
  • Suspects and POI (if known)
  • descriptions of suspects
  • MO/crime signatures
78
Q

What is the purpose of OC Suspects team? (4)

A
  1. Profile/Investigate suspects and POI - determine involvement in offence
  2. Seek evidence to cover ingredients of offence
  3. eliminate defences
  4. provide basis for further investigation
79
Q

Who should be appointed OC Suspects?

A

A CIB supervisor of DS rank, in common with those in charge of other phases.

May be OC Generals if resources are limited.

James - CIB Modules SF (12 decks)

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