serous

Question 1

lines the cavity of the wa

Answer 1

Parietal membrane

Question 2

prevent friction between two
membranes that occurs as a result of
movement of the enclosed organs (i.e.,
expansion and contraction of lungs)

Answer 2

 Serous fluid

Question 3

Filtration of the plasma ultrafiltrate results in

Answer 3

increased
oncotic pressure in the capillaries

Question 4

o favors reabsorption of fluid back into the
capillaries
o produces continuous exchange of serous fluid
o maintain normal volume of fluid between
membrane

Answer 4

Filtration of the plasma ultrafiltrate

Question 5

Disruption of the mechanisms of formation and
reabsorption of serous fluid causes an increase in
fluid between the membranes.

Answer 5

Effusion

Question 6

 increased hydrostatic pressure

Answer 6

(congestive heart failure)
Salt and fluid retention

Question 7

decreased oncotic pressure
()

Answer 7

hypoproteinemia
Nephrotic syndrome
Hepatic cirrhosis
Malnutrition
Protein-losing enteropathy

Question 8

increased capillary permeability

Answer 8

(inflammation and infection)
malignancy

Question 9

 lymphatic obstruction ()

Answer 9

Malignant tumors, lymphomas
Infection and inflammation
Thoracic duct injury

Question 10

Collected by needle aspiration from the respective cavities

Answer 10

o thoracentesis (pleural)
o pericardiocentesis (pericardial)
o paracentesis (peritoneal)

Question 11

Specimen for pH

Answer 11

o maintained anaerobically in ice (without oxygen)

Question 12

Cell count and
differential tube

Answer 12

Cell count and
differential

Question 13

Microbiology and
cytology

Answer 13

Sterile heparinized or SPS (sodium
polyanethol sulfonate)

Question 14

Plain tubes or heparin tubes

Answer 14

Chemistry

Question 15

Effusion that form because of systemic
disorder that disrupts balance in
regulation of fluid filtration and
absorption

Answer 15

Effusion that form because of systemic
disorder that disrupts balance in
regulation of fluid filtration and
absorption

Question 16

Changes in hydrostatic pressure created
by congestive heart failure or
hypoproteinemia (associated with
nephrotic syndrome)

Answer 16

TRANSUDATES

Question 17

No direct involvement of membrane

Answer 17

TRANSUDATES

Question 18

Directly involve membranes of particular
cavity (infection and malignancies)

Answer 18

EXUDATES

Question 19

clin sig transudate or exudate
CHF,liver cirrhosis
Nephrotic synd.

Answer 19

transudate

Question 20

transudate or exudate

Infection,
malignancies

Answer 20

exudate

Question 21

Milky

Answer 21

Chylous effusion ( thoracic duct leakage)
Pseudo chylous (chronic inflammation)

Question 22

due to Thoracic duct
leakage

Answer 22

Chylous
Effusion

Question 23

due to Chronic
Inflammation

Answer 23

Pseudochylous
effusion

Question 24

Milky/White
has lymphocytes
no chole crystal

Answer 24

Chylous
Effusion

Question 25

Milky/green Mixed cells has Chole crystal

Answer 25

Pseudochylous effusion

Question 26

trig of chylous effusion

Answer 26

>110 mg/dl

Question 27

TAG of Pseudochylous effusion

Answer 27

<50 mg/dl

Question 28

sudan stain reaction of Chylous Effusion vs Pseudochylous effusion

Answer 28

Chylous Effusion = Strongly(+) Pseudochylous effusion = Negative/WP

Question 29

Neutrophil

Answer 29

Pneumonia, Pancreatitis Pulmonary infarction

Question 30

Lymphocytes

Answer 30

Tuberculosis, viral infection, Autoimmune disorders, malignancy

Question 31

Tuberculosis

Answer 31

Plasma cells

Question 32

Primary lung cancer, metastatic CA

Answer 32

Malignant cells

Question 33

Eosinophils

Answer 33

Trauma (air in PI cavity) Allergic, parasitic

Question 34

Decreased in Rheumatoid inflammation

Answer 34

Glucose

Question 35

Decreased in Purulent infection

Answer 35

Glucose

Question 36

Elevated in bacterial Infection

Answer 36

Lactate

Question 37

Elevated in Chylous effusions

Answer 37

Triglyceride

Question 38

Decreased in Pneumonia not responding to antibiotics

Answer 38

pH

Question 39

Markedly dec. in esophageal rupture

Answer 39

ph

Question 40

Elevated in pancreatitis, esophageal rupture

Answer 40

amyl;ase

Question 41

Tb & malignancy

Answer 41

ada

Question 42

- accumulation of peritoneal fluid

Answer 42

Ascites

Question 43

Transudate disease

Answer 43

.Hepatic cirrhosis .Hypoprotenemia (renal or hepatic)

Question 44

Exudate disease

Answer 44

Peritonitis Appendicitis (ruptured) mtrauma malignancy

Question 45

Green (bile)

Answer 45

Gall bladder rupture, pancreatic dses

Question 46

Blood-streaked

Answer 46

Trauma, malignancy

Question 47

Milky

Answer 47

Lymphatic trauma and blockage

Question 48

Done in cases of blunt abdominal injury

Answer 48

Peritoneal Lavage

Question 49

to detect intra-abdominal bleeding

Answer 49

Peritoneal Lavage

Question 50

RBC counts of greater then 100,000 cells/ uL is significant for bleeding

Answer 50

Peritoneal Lavage

Question 51

CEA peritoneal fluid

Answer 51

GIT malignancy

Question 52

CA 125 peritoneal fluid

Answer 52

Ovarian malignancy

Question 53

Alkaline phosphatase peritoneal fluid

Answer 53

GIT perforation

Question 54

BUN & Creatinine peritoneal fluid

Answer 54

Ruptured bladder

Question 55

High in pancreatitis, GIT perforation peritoneal fluid

Answer 55

Amylase`

Question 56

round colection of calcium

Answer 56

psammoma body

Question 57

ha sconcentric striation of collagen like material

Answer 57

psammoma body

Question 58

associated with ovarian and thyroid malignancies

Answer 58

psammoma

Question 59

where is psammoma body found

Answer 59

peritoneal fluid

Question 60

Increased Neutrophils and Grams stain in pericardial

Answer 60

Bacterial endocarditis

Question 61

Increased Neutrophils pericardial fluid

Answer 61

Bacterial endocarditis

Question 62

Malignant cells and (CEA) in pericardial indicates

Answer 62

Metastatic carcinoma

Question 63

indicates Tubercular effusion in pericardial fluid

Answer 63

Acid-fast stain and Adenosine deaminase

Question 64

performed to confirm cystic fibrosis

Answer 64

sweat lab test

Question 65

cause sweat gladns and other glands esp those in pancreas and air passage of lungs to produce abnormally thick clogging mucus

Answer 65

cystic fibrosis

Question 66

o recommended if suspected to rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 66

Measurement of glucose

Question 67

o tuberculosis o inflammation o malignant effusion o esophageal rupture o lupus pleuritis o purulent infections

Answer 67

Decreased glucose levels

Question 68

need for chest-tube drainage in addition to administration of antibiotics in cases of pneumonia

Answer 68

 pH lower than 7.3

Question 69

Increased lactate levels:

Answer 69

o bacterial infection

Question 70

ADA level higher than 40U/L

Answer 70

o tuberculosis o malignancy

Question 71

 Elevated amylase

Answer 71

o pancreatitis o esophageal rupture o malignancy