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AUBF Lecture Final Term > SEROUS FLUIDS > Flashcards

SEROUS FLUIDS Flashcards

1
Q

are those which surround various organs (heart, lungs, and abdomen) and are lined with serous membranes.

A

Serous body cavities

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2
Q

What portion of the serous membrane covers the organ

A

Visceral portion

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3
Q

What portion of the serous membrane lines the body wall

A

Parietal portion

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4
Q

is an ultrafiltrate of plasma contained within the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities with NO ADDITIONAL MATERIAL FROM MEMBRANE CELLS

A

Serous fluid

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5
Q

collection of serous fluid (pleural, pericardial, peritoneal)

A

Paracentesis

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6
Q

SPECIMEN CONSIDERATIONS
3 Collection Techniques

A
  • Thoracentesis
  • Pericardiocentesis
  • Paracentesis
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7
Q

SPECIMEN CONSIDERATIONS
Volume collected

A

> 100 mL

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8
Q

SPECIMEN CONSIDERATIONS
3 Collection tubes

A

EDTA - Cell counts and differential
Sterile Heparinized - Microbiology and cytology procedures
Non-anticoagulated or Heparinized - Chemistry tests

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9
Q

Accumulation of serous fluid

Results from disruption in the balance of pressure or in response to infection and inflammatory processes.

A

Effusion

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10
Q

Effusion is Further classified into?

A

transudates or exudates

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11
Q

Occur during various systemic disorders that disrupt fluid filtration, fluid reabsorption, or both.

A

TRANSUDATE EFFUSIONS

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12
Q

Medical Conditions associated with TRANSUDATE EFFUSIONS

A

Medical conditions.
o Congestive heart failure
o Hepatic cirrhosis
o Nephrotic syndrome.

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13
Q

Occur during inflammatory processes that result in damage to blood vessel walls, body cavity membrane damage, or decreased reabsorption by the lymphatic system.

A

EXUDATE EFFUSIONS

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14
Q

(4) pathologic processes caused by EXUDATE EFFUSIONS

A

o Infections
o Inflammations
o Hemorrhages
o Malignancies

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15
Q

TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE
Clarity: Clear

A

TRANSUDATE

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16
Q

TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE
Clarity: Bloody, Cloudy, Purulent, Turbid

A

EXUDATE

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17
Q

TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE
Color: Colorless to Pale Yellow

A

TRANSUDATE

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18
Q

TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE
Color: Any abnormal color:
- Brown
- Cream
- Green
- Milky
- Pink
- Red
- Yellow

A

EXUDATE

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19
Q

TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE
Spontaneous Clotting: No

A

TRANSUDATE

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20
Q

TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE
Spontaneous Clotting: Possible

A

EXUDATE

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20
Q

TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE
pH: Alkaline

A

TRANSUDATE

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21
Q

TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE
pH: Acidic

A

EXUDATE

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22
Q

TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE
Specific Gravity: <1.015

A

TRANSUDATE

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23
Q

TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE
Specific Gravity: >1.015

A

EXUDATE

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24
TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE Glucose: As in Plasma Level
TRANSUDATE
25
TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE Glucose: Lower than Plasma Level
EXUDATE
26
TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE Total Protein: <3 g/dl
TRANSUDATE
27
TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE Total Protein: >3 g/dl
EXUDATE
28
TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE LDH:<200 IU/L
TRANSUDATE
29
TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE LDH:>200 IU/L
EXUDATE
30
TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE Pleural Fluid Cholesterol: <45 mg/dl
TRANSUDATE
31
TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE Pleural Fluid Cholesterol: >45 mg/dl
EXUDATE
32
TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE PF Serum Cholesterol Ratio: <0.3
TRANSUDATE
33
TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE PF Serum Cholesterol Ratio: >0.3
EXUDATE
34
TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE PF Serum bilirubin Ratio: <0.6
TRANSUDATE
35
TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE PF Serum bilirubin Ratio: >0.6
EXUDATE
36
TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE Fluid Serum protein Ratio: <0.5
TRANSUDATE
37
TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE Fluid Serum protein Ratio: >0.5
EXUDATE
38
TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE Fluid Serum LD Ratio:<0.6
TRANSUDATE
39
TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE Fluid Serum LD Ratio:>0.6
EXUDATE
40
TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient: >1.1
TRANSUDATE
41
TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient: <1.1
EXUDATE
42
TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE WBC Count:<1000/ul
TRANSUDATE
43
TRANSUDATE or EXUDATE WBC Count:>1000/ul
EXUDATE
44
(6) Laboratory Tests for SF
Macroscopic Microscopic Cell Count/Diff Count Chemical Analysis Culture Immunologic and Molecular Analysis
45
Gross Exam APPEARANCE:
- NORMAL: Clear and colorless to pale yellow - “SEROUS” because it resembles SERUM
46
Gross Exam VARIATIONS:
- Turbid, white – microbial infection - Bloody or milky
47
Clinical Significance of bloody and milky effusions
HEMOTHORAX or HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES
48
HEMOTHORAX or HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES Distribution of blood: Uneven/Streaked
HEMOTHORAX
49
HEMOTHORAX or HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES Distribution of blood: Even
HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES
50
HEMOTHORAX or HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES Hct:>50% of Blood HCT
HEMOTHORAX
51
HEMOTHORAX or HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES Hct:<50% of Blood HCT
HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES
52
HEMOTHORAX or HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES Milky: Chylous
HEMOTHORAX
53
HEMOTHORAX or HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES Milky: Pseudochylous
HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES
54
HEMOTHORAX or HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES Appearance: Milky/White
HEMOTHORAX
55
HEMOTHORAX or HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES Appearance: Milky/Green Tinge
HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES
56
HEMOTHORAX or HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES Leukocytes: Predominantly lymphocytes
HEMOTHORAX
57
HEMOTHORAX or HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES Leukocytes: Mixed Cells
HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES
58
HEMOTHORAX or HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES Cholesterol Crystals: Absent
HEMOTHORAX
59
HEMOTHORAX or HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES Cholesterol Crystals: Present
HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES
60
HEMOTHORAX or HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES Triglycerides: >110 mg/dl
HEMOTHORAX
61
HEMOTHORAX or HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES Triglycerides: <50 mg/dl
HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES
62
HEMOTHORAX or HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES Sudan III Staining: Strongly Positive
HEMOTHORAX
63
HEMOTHORAX or HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES Sudan III Staining: Negative/Weakly Positive
HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES
64
Abnormal Gross Presentations (3) Serous Fluid Pleural Appearance
- Brown - Black - Viscous
65
Abnormal Gross Presentations (3) Serous Fluid Pleural Disease
- Rupture of Amoebic Liver Abscess - Aspergillus Infection - Malignant Mesothelioma
66
Abnormal Gross Presentations Serous Fluid Pericardial Appearance
Grossly Bloody
67
Abnormal Gross Presentations (2) Serous Fluid Pericardial Disease
Cardiac Puncture Anticoagulant Medications
68
Abnormal Gross Presentations Serous Fluid Peritoneal Appearance
Green
69
Abnormal Gross Presentations (2) Serous Fluid Peritoneal Disease
Gallbladder Disorders Pancreatic Disorders
70
Chemical Examination (2) Pleural Test Glucose SIGNIFICANCE
Rheumatoid Inflammation and Purulent Infection
71
Chemical Examination Pleural Test Lactate SIGNIFICANCE
Bacterial Infection
72
Chemical Examination Pleural Test Triglyceride SIGNIFICANCE
Chylous Effusions
73
Chemical Examination (2) Pleural Test pH SIGNIFICANCE
Pneumonia, Esophageal Rupture
74
Chemical Examination (2) Pleural Test Adenosine Deaminase SIGNIFICANCE
Tuberculosis and Malignancy
75
Chemical Examination (3) Pleural Test Amylase SIGNIFICANCE
Pancreatitis, Esophageal Rupture and Malignancy
76
Chemical Examination Pericardial Test Adenoside Deaminase SIGNIFICANCE
Tubular Pericarditis
77
Chemical Examination (2) Peritoneal Test Glucose SIGNIFICANCE
Tubercular Peritonitis and Malignancy
78
Chemical Examination (2) Peritoneal Test Amylase SIGNIFICANCE
Pancreatitis and Gastrointestinal Perforation
79
Chemical Examination Peritoneal Test Alkaline Phosphatase SIGNIFICANCE
Gastrointestinal Perforation
80
Chemical Examination Peritoneal Test Bun and Creatinine SIGNIFICANCE
Ruptured or Punctured Bladder
81
Chemical Examination Peritoneal Test Adenosine Deaminase SIGNIFICANCE
Tubercular Peritonitis
82
Routinely performed to examine WBC and demonstrate malignant cells of SF
DIFFERENTIAL COUNT
83
Microscopic Examination Pleural Tests Mesothelial cells SIGNIFICANCE
Decreased in TB
84
Microscopic Examination (2) Peritoneal Tests WBC >500 cells/ul SIGNIFICANCE
Bacterial Peritonitis Cirrhosis
85
Microscopic Examination Pleural Tests Plasma cells SIGNIFICANCE
Increased in TB
86
Microscopic Examination Peritoneal Tests RBC > 100,000/ul SIGNIFICANCE
Intraabdominal bleeding
87
Microscopic Examination Peritoneal Tests Absolute granulocyte count >250 cells/ul SIGNIFICANCE
Bacterial peritonitis
88
5 Microbiologic and Serologic Examinations
1. Gram Staining and Culture 2. PCR 3. Acid Fast Staining 4. Tumor Markers and Cytologic Examination 5. Measurement of RF/SLE Titer and Complement Levels
89
(2) Bacteria commonly seen in Pleural Fluid Effusions
Staphylococcus aureus Mycoplasma tuberculosis
90
(2) Bacteria commonly seen in Pericardial Fluid Effusions
Haemophilus influenzae Mycobacterium tuberculosis
91
(2) Bacteria commonly seen in Peritoneal Fluid Effusions
Escherichia coli Pneumococci

AUBF Lecture Final Term (5 decks)

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