services for people with ID Flashcards
(16 cards)
What were the two main perspectives on intellectual disability in early scientific understanding?
Therapeutic optimism (believing people’s skills could improve) versus Biological determinism (based on Darwin’s natural selection and Broca’s neuropathology)
What was the controversy around Down syndrome’s original name?
It was originally called “mongolism” due to inappropriate comparisons to Mongolians, reflecting racist ethnic classifications of the time
Name important historical figures in the field of intellectual disability
Itard (Wild Boy of Aveyron, 1799)
Seguin (Paris school, 1839)
Howe (Massachusetts school, 1846)
Darwin (Natural selection)
Langdon Down (Ethnic classification)
Morel (Degeneration theory)
What were the main practices associated with the eugenics movement around 1933?
Segregation, sterilization, and euthanasia practices, including systematic sterilization under Nazi rule
How did assessment of intellectual disability evolve over time?
Started with simple functional tests (17th century), then progressed to intelligence tests (1900s), adaptive behavior assessment (1930s), and dual diagnosis (1960s)
What was significant about the 1601 Poor Law?
It established that care was primarily a family responsibility, and parishes could use property to fund care when needed
What were the key principles of “Better Services for the Mentally Handicapped” (1971)?
It called for:
Reduction of hospital populations
Improvement in facilities
Better coordination between health and social services
Focus on community living
Multidisciplinary approach
What are the key elements of person-centered services?
They focus on individualized care, meeting specific needs in the way people want them to be met
What reforms came hospital scandals/ Winterbourne View scandal?
Development of local community services
Clear definition of inpatient unit roles
Clinical guidelines for challenging behaviors
Improved access to mainstream mental health services
describe the rise of institutionalisation in the 19th/ 20th century
- Growth of institutions in the 19th and 20th centuries
- 1908 Royal Commission for the Care and Control of the Feeble Minded
- 1913 Mental Deficiency Act
- parish workhouses and the industrial revolution
what is the key legislation in the Fall of Institutions and Rise of Community Care
- 1948 NHS Act
- 1959 Mental Health Act
the concept of ‘total institutionalisation’ comes from who?
Erving Goffman (Goffman’s theory)
what were O’Brien’s service principles
Dignity, respect, choice, community presence, and participation (1981)
NHS and Community Care Act (1990) policies
- Social services take the lead in individual care planning
- NHS develops specialised unites for severe behavioural and forensic needs
- individually planned services, and needs met (where possible)
- NHS no longer provides social care
valuing people (2001)
Social inclusion, rights, independence, and choice. Demographic change and access to generic services.
valuing people now (2009)
- Including everyone: forensic, ASD, black and minority ethnic groups, more complex needs
- Personalisation - commissioning your own service
- Having a life – health, housing, work, relationships, being a parent
- People as citizens - advocacy, transport, being safe, access to justice
