Servicing and Maintenance

Question 1

What are the 3 main causes and solutions if an engine doesn’t start?

Answer 1

Cause 1: Dead or low battery
Solution 1: Jump start the car car or replace the battery

Cause 2: Empty fuel tank
Solution 2: Refill car with fuel

Cause 3 : Faulty ignition switch
solution: Replace switch

Question 2

What are main causes and solutions if the exhaust is smoky (black smoke)?

Answer 2

Cause: Rich fuel mixture
- There is too much fuel and insufficient air in the mixture
- Faulty oxygen sensor, dirty air filter, leaky injectors

Solution:
- Clean or replace air filter
- Inspect fuel injectors
- Test or replace the O2 filter

Question 3

What are main causes and solutions if the exhaust is smoky (blue smoke)?

Answer 3

Cause: Burning oil
- Worn piston rings - oil passes into cylinders
- Worn valve seals
- Faulty Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PVC) System

Solution:
Replace piston rings, valve seals and repair PVC valve

Question 4

What are main causes and solutions if the exhaust is smoky (white smoke)?

Answer 4

Cause: Coolant Leak
Cause: Coolant enters combustion chamber due to faulty head gasket
Solution: Repair gasket

Question 5

What are the main causes and solutions if the engine runs roughly?

Answer 5

Causes:
- Faulty spark plug
- Dirty fuel injection
- Clogged EGR Valve

Solution:
- Replace spark plugs
- Clean injectors with fuel system cleaner or ultrasonic cleaning
- Clean or replace EGR Valve

Question 6

What are the steps to painting metal?

Answer 6

1. Remove old paint from surface
2. Clean surface
3. Sand the metal until it’s smooth
4. Apply the base and 2nd coats primer to prevent the development of rust
5. Apply the first and 2nd coats of paint

Question 7

How does Toe-in and Toe-out affect wheel alignment?

Answer 7

• Toe in: Front wheel point inwards to improve straight line stability and reduce oversteer
• Toe out: Front wheels point outwards to quicken and lighten steering and reduce understeer

Question 8

How does camber affect wheel alignment?

Answer 8

Definition: The tilt of the wheels from the front view

Positive camber:
- Top of wheels titled outward
- Car stability decreased
- Lighter steering
- Fast tire wear

Negative camber:
- Top of wheels are titled inwards to improve traction on cornering

Question 9

How does caster affect wheel alignment?

Answer 9

Definition: The tilt of the steering axis form side view

Positive caster:
- Top of steering axis tilted backward towards the rear of the vehicle
- Improves straight line stability at higher speeds
- Reduces steering effort

Negative caster:
- Top of steering axis titled forward towards the vehicle’s front
- Lighter steering
- Increases responsiveness
- Reduces stability