SESD Flashcards

Question

19th century ideas around development

Answer 1

linear progress led by imperial powers, colonisation, capitalism, investment, term implies a naturalness therefore inevitability.

Answer 2

rather than linear - often cyclical, seasonal and multidimensional connected to land, ancestors and spiritual beleifs healing happens in relationship with place and community govs often implement short-term health programmes with measurable sucess criteria - not holistic and long-term (community well being, spiritual) top down - Northern Territory emergency response 2007 - intervention, restrictions on Indigenous communities without consultation, leading to distrust and resistance.

Answer 3

little d development - long-term, historical, and often informal processes that shape economic and social structures over time. capitalism evolves unevenly across different regions—creating wealth in some areas while marginalizing others spontaneous and unplanned, rather than being the result of government policies or international organizations. examples Industrialization in Europe vs. resource extraction in colonies (Europe developed, but at the expense of its colonies). Urbanization in the Global South—cities grow as people move for work, but often end up in informal housing/slums. big D development - formal, professional, and institutionalized field of development, where governments, NGOs, and international organizations create policies and projects aimed at improving economies and societies. expanded after World War II, as wealthy nations and organizations like the World Bank, IMF, and UN took on a major role in shaping global development Colonial Origins: Many early development policies were based on colonial governance, where Western nations controlled how "underdeveloped" regions should modernize. examples - World Bank and IMF structural adjustment program, The UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Answer 4

inagural address described large parts of the world as underdeveloped framed them as needing western intervention US playing larger role in aid framed dev as a moral duty, tied to ideas of freedom, democracy and capitalism created a binary blamed "underdevelopment" on a lack of modernization - opposed to colonialism

Answer 5

$12 billion economic recovery programme - given to western nations post WWII rebuild economy, modernise industy, expand trade, prevent spread of communism

Answer 6

1960s - coined by UN role expanded beyond international peace became agent of dev rather than mediator Economy is the arena through which it occurs, and should be formalised as a measure global economic growth did occur - rise of critical dev theory

Answer 7

Dependency theory - relationship between GN and GS, employed a relationship creating dependencies inhibiting independence, richer countries needed poorer nations to remain poor Periphery countries worked to provide cheap labour, resources and consumer markets for core Power of multinationals, articulated growth and notions of development

Answer 8

neoliberalism Recession early 1980s Failings in current mode of economics Inhibited ability of markets to facilitate development therefore created dependency ‘Counter-revolution’ in development theory and practice - too much government intervention, retreat of state Idea that human wellbeing can be best advanced by liberating individual entrepreneurial freedoms WB and IMF imposed SAPs Orientation of privatised service provision for social improvement

Answer 9

challenge of development is increasingly moved from the economy/ nation and its GDP and vehicle for change to poverty. 1996 - human development report - human development is the end, economic growth is the means

Answer 10

shifts focus from purely economic measures lack of freedoms and opportunities - deprived of basic capabilities—things like good health, education, political participation, and social respect development as the enhancement of freedoms policy focus - governments should focus on improving education, healthcare, and social inclusion. The UN's Human Development Index (HDI) was inspired by Sen’s ideas. Sen 1985, 1999

Answer 11

The eradication of poverty a formal international objective aim to reduce by 50 per cent the proportion of people in absolute poverty by 2015 - simple and transparent, easy to communicate, represents special needs of less developed nations. helped lift a billion out of poverty hunger target missed, CO" emissions still 50% above 1990 level

Answer 12

2015, sus dev summit in NY Framework for ending poverty and hunger by 2030 Attentions to environment - different dimensions of poverty and wellbeing intersect with the environment new era of SD, environment put at front and centre with development acceptance that poverty exists in the GN too, countries overall are having an upper class, convergence amongst poor in GN and GS

Answer 13

too general top down avoid political complexity of poverty Don't challenge dominant models of development or progress No obligations to business or consumers

Answer 14

Ecuador and bolivia Alternative ideas to dominant development Emerges from indigenous traditions Beyond an ‘exhausted project of modernity’ Community is understood to include nature

Answer 15

151 nations Life expectancy, experienced well-being and ecological footprint Happiness vs environmentalism

SESD Flashcards

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