Session 1

Question 1

What are the two main components of blood?

Answer 1

Formed elements (45%)
and plasma (55%)

Question 2

What are the primary functions of blood?

Answer 2

Transportation, Regulation, Protection

Question 3

What characterizes red blood cells?

Answer 3

No nucleus, hemoglobin binds with O2, primary role in O2 exchange

Question 4

What types of white blood cells exist?

Answer 4

Granular (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) and agranular (lymphocytes, monocytes)

Question 5

What is the role of platelets in blood?

Answer 5

Part of blood clotting process (platelet plug)

Question 6

What is the composition of plasma?

Answer 6

~90% water, contains proteins and nutrients

Question 7

What are the functions of plasma?

Answer 7

Solvent, suspends blood components, absorbs molecules, transports thermal energy

Question 8

What is blood typing based on?

Answer 8

Presence of antigens (Types A, B, AB, O)

Question 9

What is the Rhesus factor?

Answer 9

+ or - designation in blood types

Question 10

Fill in the blank: Type O blood has _______ antigens.

Answer 10

No antigens

Question 11

What are the major blood vessels?

Answer 11

Aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, vena cava

Question 12

What is pulmonary circulation?

Answer 12

Right side of heart and lungs

Question 13

What components are involved in systemic circulation?

Answer 13

Left atrium, Mitral valve, Left ventricle, Aortic valve, Aorta

Question 14

What factors influence blood flow in vessels?

Answer 14

Vessel length and diameter

Question 15

What are the factors affecting vessel resistance?

Answer 15

Radius, length, blood viscosity, inherent resistance

Question 16

Where is the heart located?

Answer 16

In the thoracic cavity, suspended by great vessels within the pericardium

Question 17

What are heart muscle cells called?

Answer 17

Myocytes

Question 18

What occurs during systole?

Answer 18

Contractile phase, greater pressure in ventricles, AV valves closed

Question 19

What occurs during diastole?

Answer 19

Relaxation phase, pressure in ventricles falls, AV valves open, pulmonic & aortic valves closed

Question 20

What is coronary circulation?

Answer 20

Delivers blood to myocytes, controlled by constriction and dilatation

Question 21

What is the normal cardiac output at rest?

Answer 21

4-6L/min

Question 22

What is the Frank-Starling Law?

Answer 22

Heart adapts to changing volumes (more stretch, more forceful contraction)

Question 23

What regulates blood volume?

Answer 23

Intrinsic cardiac regulation & ANS (heart rate and contractility)

Question 24

What is the function of the baroreceptors?

Answer 24

Adapt to BP changes

Question 25

What do chemoreceptors monitor?

Answer 25

Blood chemical composition

Question 26

What is the role of the lymphatic system?

Answer 26

Allows large molecules to enter general circulation, prevents accumulation in interstitial spaces (edema)

Question 27

Fill in the blank: The majority of fluid filtered through lymph nodes re-enters circulation via the _______.

Answer 27

Thoracic duct