Session 5 Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are the main components of the respiratory centers?
Brain, thoracic/abdominal muscles, diaphragm, and lungs.
What happens to the diaphragm during inhalation?
Contracts.
What role do external intercostal muscles play during inhalation?
Elevate ribs.
What effect does inhalation have on the thorax diameter?
Increases.
What type of pressure is created in the lungs during inhalation?
Negative pressure.
What happens to the diaphragm during exhalation?
Relaxes and moves upward.
Which muscles contract to depress the ribs during exhalation?
Internal intercostal muscles.
What happens to abdominal pressure during exhalation?
Increases.
What is the pericardium?
Fibroserous sac surrounding the heart and roots of great vessels.
What is one function of the pericardium?
Isolates the heart from surrounding tissues.
What are the two layers of the pericardium?
Visceral layer and parietal layer.
What are the components of the parietal layer of the pericardium?
Fibrous (outermost) and serous (innermost) components.
What does the pericardial space allow?
Friction-free movement.
What structures border the pericardium?
Sternum and costal cartilage of 3rd to 7th ribs.
What anatomical structures are adjacent to the pericardium?
Bronchi, esophagus, descending thoracic aorta, mediastinal surface of lungs.
What is the thickness range of the pericardium?
1 - 3 mm.
What encloses the neck of the pericardium?
Great vessels.
Where is the base of the pericardium attached?
Central tendon of the diaphragm.
What is the normal amount of fluid in the pericardial space?
15 - 50 ml.
What factors can vary cardiac wall motion?
Pericardial size, loading conditions, and degree of filling.
True or False: Negative pressure in the lungs is observed during inhalation.
True.
Fill in the blank: Ribs ______ during expiration.
Recoil.
Diaphragm relaxes and intercostal muscles contract to cause recoil.
Where is pericardial fluid located?
Between parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium.
