session 11-hormal/metabolism response during exercise and pregnancy Flashcards
what do foetal-placental hormones do? (increase during second half of pregnancy)
- ‘anti insulin’ effect
- ensure glucose concn maintained to ensure it’s in constant supply
how are concentrations of nutrients in the maternal circulation kept high in the second half of pregnancy? 3 reasons
- reduce maternal utilisation of glucose
- delaying maternal disposal of nutrients after meal
- releasing fatty acids from stores built up during first half of pregnancy
what does maternal insulin do during pregnancy? (increases during first half of pregnancy)
-increase uptake and storage and nutrients mainly in adipose tissue
The increased availibilty of fatty acids to the liver resulting from mobilisation of maternal adipose tissue leads to…
ketogenesis
Regarding the beta cells, how does the body meet the increasing demands of insulin during pregnancy?
hyperplasia of beta cells
hypertrophy of beta cells
increased rate of insulin synthesis
what is it called when women cannot cope with the increasing demands of insulin?
gestational diabetes
during exercise, how is ATP is regenerated in the first instance?
creatine phosphate + ADP—> ATP + creatine
why is muscle glycogen advantageous?
- doesn’t rely on blood supply
- no need for transport across membranes
- produces G-6-P without using ATP
what enzyme is absent in muscles?
glucose 6 phosphatase
how does lactate impair muscle function?
build up of H+ exceeds muscles buffering ability producing fatigue….
- inhibit glycolysis
- H+ interferes with actin/myosin interaction
- h+ inhibits contraction by keeping hold of calcium
name the 5 things that limit the muscle’s use of fatty acids
- rate of fatty acid release from adipose (lipolysis)
- blood transporting abilities
- rate of uptake into muscle cells and mitochondria
- fatty acid oxidation requires O2 and ATP
- aerobic conditions only
