session 8-appetite,metabolic syndrome Flashcards
what 2 things are released from primary neurones that promote hunger?
NPY and AgRP
what thing is released from primary neurone to inhibit appetite?
POMC
what 3 things are produced from cleavage of POMC?
beta-endorphin (causes euphoria (happiness) and tiredness after eating)
ACTH
alpha-MSH
What does ghrelin one do?
- peptide hormone released from wall of EMPTY stomach=activates stimulatory, primary neurones in arcuate nucleus=increased appetite
- when walls of stomach stretch from food intake, ghrelin is inhibited
What is leptin and what does it do?
peptide hormone
- released into blood by adipocytes in fat stored
- stimulated inhibitory primary neurones and inhibits stimulating neurones
- lack of leptin=obesity (eat more food)
- expresses proteins in mitochondria, produding heat rather than ATP
what does PYY do?
- peptide hormone released from wall of small intestine
- decreases appetite
what does insulin do?
decrease appetite
same as leptin mechanism
what does amylin do?
- peptide hormone
- secreted with insulin from beta cells
- decreases appetite
- decreases glucagon secretion
- slow gastric emptying(food stays in stomach for long time) GASTROPARESIS (paresis=partial paralysis)
what is dyslipidaemia and what syndrome does it come under?
- high VLDL and LDL levels, low HDL
- metabolic syndrome
Name about 6 different criteria that need to be measured to determine whether a person has metabolic syndrome.
- HDL levels
- Central obesity
- Blood pressure
- Cholesterol levels
- BMI
- fasting glucose/2 hour after glucose load (OGTT)
what is the barker hypothesis?
incidence of adult disease such as CHD, hypertension and type 2 diabetes are related to LOW BIRTH WEIGHT…
experience of foetus during development determines future health of individual
what is epigenetics?
change in phenotype without altering genotype (same DNA sequence)….relies on genes switching on and off
where precisely in the hypothalamus, is the appetite centre located?
arcuate nucleus
