Session 11 - Inflammation Underlying Mechanism

Question 1

What is the term omega 3 a descriptor of?

Answer 1

A family of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)

Question 2

What are Omega 3’s converted into?

Answer 2

EPA & DHA (Oily fish, krill oi, algae oil)

Question 3

What are Omega 6’s converted into?

Answer 3

Arachidonic acid (meat, poultry, eggs)

Question 4

Name Eicosanoids

Answer 4

Leukotrienes
Thromboxanes
Prostaglandins

Question 5

True or False - Eicosanoids cause inflammation?

Answer 5

True - They also play a role in immune function by regulating inflammation and encouraging the body to fight infection

Question 6

What are the enzymes involved in the synthesis of eicosanoids?

Answer 6

Cyclo-oxygenase, Lipoxygenases (Omega 3 & 6 use similar pathways)

Question 7

What are the nutrients required for delta 6 desaturase activity?

Answer 7

Mg, Zn, B3, B6, Vitamin c

Question 8

T/F Omega 3 and 6 derived eicosanoids have opposing physiological effects

Answer 8

True

Omega 6 derived arachidonic acid produces eicosanoids in series 2 and 4. Omega 3 derived EPA produces eicosanoids in the 1 and 3 series

Question 9

What is the eicosanoid responsible for the physical signs of inflammation?

Answer 9

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) - increases vasodilation, vascular permeability, potentiates pain and induces fever

Question 10

Which group of eicosanoids is implicated in the mediation of allergies, asthma and IBD?

Answer 10

Leukotrienes are a family of eicosanoid inflammatory mediators implicated in the mediation of allergies, asthma and IBD

Question 11

Which nutrients are proven arachidonic acid inhibitors?

Answer 11

EPA

Vitamin E

Question 12

T/F - Tumour necrosis factor (TNA a) is a prostaglandin

Answer 12

False - it is a cytokine

Question 13

T/F - Tumour necrosis factor (TNA a) is a prostaglandin

Answer 13

False - it is a cytokine

Question 14

Which foods are well known COX inhibitors?

Answer 14

Ginger
Garlic
Onion
Pineapple

Question 15

What are some of the functions of essential fatty acids?

Answer 15

Incorporated into phospholipids and become integral part of cell membrane.

DHA - essential role in retina and neuronal cells, CNS

Neuronal and sensory system development in children.

Question 16

T/F Omega 6 and 3 have opposing effects on body’s inflammatory cascade

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Essential fatty acids are precursors to production of inflammatory mediators know as?

Answer 17

Eicosanoids

Question 18

A family of lipophillic local chemical mediators that are arachidonic acid derivatives are what?

Answer 18

C Prostaglandins
Thromboxane
Leukotrienes

Question 19

What is prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) known to produce in the body?

Answer 19

Physical signs of inflammation:

• vasodilation and vascular permeability
• hyperalgesic (potentiates pain)
• Fever

Question 20

What are resolvins?

Answer 20

A group of molecules derived from omega 3 fatty acids. Allows inflamed tissues to return to homeostasis. Imperative in active termination of inflammation.

Question 21

What eicosanoids account for physical signs of inflammation?

Answer 21

LX4

PGE2

Question 22

T/F Excessive production of series 4 leukotrienes can cause psoriasis

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Resolvins and lipoxins production in human cells may be enhanced by consumption of?

Answer 23

Omega 3

Question 24

High BMI / hip to waist ratio means what

Answer 24

They have inflammation
Possible insulin resistance
Family history builds on understanding of being prone to high blood pressure, artherosclerosis etc.