Session 17 Flashcards
What is innate immunity and explain the categories under it?
Innate immunity is the body’s mechanism that does not need exposure to a previous pathogen to get rid of microbes. There are physical and chemical barriers that keep microbes from entering the body and the innate cellular immunity which recognize certain parts of microbes then kill them
What is adaptive immunity?
Adaptive immunity requires recognition of a microbe from the previous catalog it is triggered by the innate immunity
What’s the difference between innate and adaptive immunity
The adaptive takes longer but is more specific, the adaptive is dependant on previous exposure to a pathogen, adaptive requires antigen and can remember a microbe for a long time
What is natural active immunity
Natural active immunity is when the body is infected by the microbe for example when someone gets sick
What is natural passive immunity?
This is when someone gets the antibodies against a microbe through natural means like breastfeeding or placenta
What is artificial passive immunity?
This is when a person gains the antibodies for a microbe through injection of the antibodies
What is immunization
This is when a person is given a part of a pathogen that is not dangerous so an attenuated pathogen, the antigen, etc in order for them to build immunity against the actual pathogen
What are secondary immunizations or booster immunizations
These are a second dose of a vaccine in order to create a secondary response that creates more antibodies faster that last longer
What are the different types of vaccines?
Attenuated vaccine, inactivated the whole agent, subunit, DNA vaccine
What is an attenuated vaccine and what are its pros and cons and give an example
This is a vaccine that is a live weak version of the pathogen that is able to reproduce and cant cause disease. A disadvantage is that it can regain its virulence and its shelf life. An advantage is it creates a strong lifetime immune response. An example is the Measles mumps and rubella vaccines
What is inactivated whole agent vaccine and what are some advantages and disadvantages and an example
This is a dead version of the virus. an advantage would be it cannot reproduce or be more virulent. A disadvantage would be its immune response isn’t as strong. An example would be the influenza vaccine
What is a subunit vaccine what are its advantage and an example
This vaccine uses a non-pathogenic antigen and its advantage is it is easy to mass-produce. An example would be the Hep B vaccine
What is a DNA vaccine and what are its advantages and whats an example
DNA vaccines encode for an antigen that the immune system then responds to. Its advantages are its easy to mass-produce, easy to store and an example is a papillomavirus in mice.
What are some myths about vaccines and what are the facts for those myths
Vaccines cause autism was due to a study that was eventually retracted because it was found faulty. Vaccines cause SIDS truth is there is no link between SIDS and vaccines. Vaccines have toxic mercury the truth is vaccines have ver minuscule amounts of mercury used as a preservative and there’s no link that the tiny amount is dangerous
If vaccines preventable diseases have been eradicated in developed countries should people still get those vaccines
Yes, they should because someone from a population that has the disease can come into the country infecting others. Traveling to other places can reintroduce diseases into an area that had eradicated them.
