session 4 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are the Patient FACTORS make patient
more liable for HAI
Age extreme of ages
Physiological state———–obesity or malnutrition
Pathological state —————diabetes, cancer, immunosuppression Surgical intervention
Social factors—-heavy smoking
place——-Emergency admission more liable to infection
What is Hospital Acquired Infection?
Infections arising as a consequence of providing healthcare and onset is at least
48 hours after admission and / or 48 hours after discharge.
• Also includes infections in health care workers and
hospital visitors
if the patient develops symptoms of infection after 10 hours of administration does this consider as the HAI
NO
Examples of the Viruses.
causes HAI?
Blood porn viruses(HB,HC,HIV)
Norovirus, Influenza, Chicken pox
Examples of the bacteria cause HAI
Staphylococcus aureus, clostridium defficili, Escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumonae, pseudomonas aeroginosa, mycobacterium tuberculosis
Examples of the fungi cause HAI
Candida albicans
Aspergillus species
EXAMPLE ON PARASITE CAUSE HAI?
Parasite malaria.
a most common HAI is
URINARY tract infection
in order which the common infections that cause the HAI?
URINARY TRACT INFECTION( 40 %) infection of the surgical site(20%) lower respirtoy tract (15%) bactermia tranmitted (primarlly by rhe IV and catherization ) cutenous infection
Why HAI is important
Frequent, Impact on health care organization and preventable
what is the 4Ps of infection prevention and control
patient
Optimize the patient health
Control interaction with visitors and other patients
pathogen
Minimize inappropriate antibiotic use a good level of vaccination in general population.
Healthy health workers.
practices
Modify health care workers activities to Prevent
spread of infection
place
Strict control to the Sterility of the environment prevent spread of infection
how to optimize the health of the patient
Optimize the general patient’s condition
Smoking Nutrition Diabetes Antimicrobial prophylaxis Skin preparation before surgery
Hand hygiene
what the specific screen that we use before surgery?
MRSA screening
how we can prevent patient-to-patient transmission in HAI?
Physical barriers
Isolation of infected patients
Protection of susceptible patients
Good practice to orevent spread infection from healthcare worker to patient
Hand hygiene
Good clinical techniques
Antimicrobial prescribing
Personal protective equipment
Health care worker should be————- and ———-
Vaccinated
Disease free
Environmental intervention to prevent HAI
Cleaning
Disinfectant
Steam cleaning
Hydrogen peroxide vapor
Medical devices
Single-use
Disinfection
Decontamination
Appropriate kitchen and food ward facilities
Good food hygiene practice
describe Clostridium difficile LO7
Large, Gram + ve, blunt ends rods, motile, endospore-forming
what mean by spores
To enhance survival during periods of environmental hostility (such as nutritional deprivation), some gram-positive rods undergo profound structural and metabolic changes. These result in the formation of a dormant cell called an endospore inside the original cell. Endospores can be released from the original cell as free spores
C. difficile is an ———–infection and often due to the prolonged use of —————-that leads to ———
opportunistic
‘broad spectrum antibiotics
death of most of theintestinal flora thant normally inhibit the growth of the c.difficile
C. Difficile transmittion
direct contact
by contaminant hands and surfaces
of health workers
fecal oral route
Enterotoxin of C. difficile
toxin A
TOXIN B
Toxin A
accumulation of fluid in the intestinal lumen by increasing permeability OF blood vessels
Toxin B
cytotoxic responsible for ulceration of intestinal mucosa.
