Session 5 - Muscular And Motor Nervous System Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
Name the 3 types of muscles
A
- Skeletal muscle
- Cardiac muscle
- Smooth muscle
2
Q
What are the categories of skeletal muscles?
A
- Prime movers / agonists - responsible for movement
- Antagonists - oppose prime movers
- Synergists - assist prime movers
- Fixators - stabilise bones and neutralise unwanted movements
3
Q
What are the generalised functions of skeletal muscles?
A
- They create movement by contracting
- They reduce the angle between articulating bones
4
Q
What is the origin a muscle?
A
Its proximal attachment
5
Q
What is the insertion of a muscle?
A
Its distal attachment
6
Q
State the origin of the biceps brachii muscle
A
Apex of coracoid process of scapula - short head
Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula - long head
7
Q
State the insertion of the biceps brachii muscle
A
Tuberosity of radius
8
Q
State the nerve that innervates the biceps brachii muscle.
A
Musculocutaneous nerve
9
Q
State the function of the biceps brachii muscle
A
It it the flexor and supinator of the forearm at the elbow.
10
Q
State the origin of the coracobrachialis muscle
A
Apex of coracoid process of scapula
11
Q
State the insertion of the coracobrachialis muscle
A
Linear roughening on the midshaft of the humerus on the medial side
12
Q
Which nerve innervates the coracobrachialis muscle?
A
Musculacutaneous nerve
13
Q
State the function of the coracobrachialis muscle
A
It is the flexor of the arm at the shoulder
14
Q
Which muscles are located in the terror compartment of the arm?
A
- Biceps brachii
- Coracobrachialis
15
Q
Which muscles are located in the posterior compartment of the arm?
A
Triceps brachii
16
Q
State the origin of the lateral head of the triceps brachii muscle
A
Posterior surface of humerus
17
Q
State the origin of the long head of the triceps brachii muscle
A
Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
18
Q
State the insertion of the triceps brachii muscle
A
Olecranon of the ulna
19
Q
Which nerve innervates the triceps brachii muscle?
A
Radial nerve
20
Q
What are the functions of the triceps brachii muscles?
A
- Extension of he forearm at elbow.
- The long head extends and abducts the arm at the shoulder
21
Q
Which muscles are located in the anterior compartment of the forearm?
A
- Pronator teres
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Palmaris longus
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
22
Q
State the origin of the flexor carpi radialis.
A
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
23
Q
State the origin of the flexor carpi ulnaris.
A
- Medial epicondyle of the humerus
- Olecranon and posterior border of ulna
24
Q
State the origin of the medial head of the triceps brachii muscle
A
Posterior surface of humerus
25
State the insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris
Pisiform bone and base of metacarpal 5
26
Which nerve innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Ulnar nerve
27
What is the function of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
It flexes and adducts the wrist joint
28
State the insertion of the palmaris longus.
Palmar aponeurosis of hand
29
State the origin of the palmaris longus.
Medial epicondyle of humerus
30
Which nerve innervates the palmaris longus muscle?
Median nerve
31
State the function of the palmaris longus.
It flexes the hand
32
State the insertion of the flexor carpi radialis muscle
Base of metacarpals 2 and 3
33
Which nerve innervates the flexor carpi radialis?
Median nerve
34
What is the function of the flexor carpi radialis?
It flexes and abducts the wrist
35
Which muscles are in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
1. Extensor carpi radialis longus
2. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
3. Extensor carpi ulnaris
4. Extensor digitorum
36
Which muscles are in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Psoas major
Iliacus
Vastus lateralis
Recuts femoris
Vastus medialis
Quadriceps femoris tendon*
37
What is the origin of the Psoas major muscle?
Posterior abdominal wall
38
State the insertion of the Psoas major muscle
Lesser trochanter of femur
39
Which nerve innervates the Psoas major muscle?
Anterior rami nerve
40
What is the function of the Psoas major muscle?
It flexes the thigh at the hip joint
41
State the origin of the Iliacus muscle
Iliac fossa in the posterior abdominal wall
42
State the insertion of the Iliacus muscle
Lesser trochanter of the femur
43
Which nerve innervates the Iliacus muscle?
Femoral nerve
44
What is the function of the Iliacus muscle?
It flexes the thigh at the hip joint
45
State the origin of the Vastus medialis.
Femur
46
State the insertion of the Vastus medialis
Quadriceps femoris tendon and medial border of patella
47
Which nerve innervates the Vastus medialis muscle?
Femoral nerve
48
What is the function of the Vastus medialis muscle?
It extends the leg at the knee joint
49
Where is the origin of the Vastus lateralis muscle?
Femur
50
State the insertion of the Vastus lateralis muscle.
Quadriceps femoris tendon and lateral margin of patella
51
Give the name of the nerve that innervates the Vastus lateralis muscle?
Femoral nerve
52
What is the function of the Vastus lateralis muscle?
It extends the leg at the knee joint.
53
Give the origin of the straight head of the Recutus femoris muscle.
Anterior inferior iliac spine
54
State the origin of the reflected head of the Rectus femoris muscle.
Ilium just superior to the acetabulum
55
State the name of the insertion of the Rectus femoris muscle.
Quadriceps femoris tendon
56
Which nerve innervates the Rectus femoris muscle?
Femoral nerve
57
List the names of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh.
1. Biceps femoris
2. Semitendinosus
3. Semimembranosus
58
Give the origin of the long head of the biceps femoris muscle.
Inferomedial part of the upper area of the ischial tuberosity
59
State the origin of the short head of the biceps femoris muscle.
Lateral lip of the linea aspera
60
State the insertion of the biceps femoris muscle.
Head of the fibula
61
Which nerve innervates the biceps femoris muscle?
Sciatic nerve
62
What are the functions of the biceps femoris muscle?
1. Flexes leg at knee joint
2. Extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint
3. Laterally rotates leg at knee joint
63
State the origin of the semitendinosus muscle
Inferomedial part of the upper area of the ischial tuberosity
64
State the insertion of the semitendinosus muscle
Medial surface of proximal tibia
65
Which nerve innervates the semitendinosus muscle?
Sciatic nerve
66
What are the functions of the semitendinosus muscle?
1. Flexes leg at knee joint
2. Extends thigh at hip joint
3. Medially rotates thigh at hip joint
4. Medially rotates leg at knee joint
67
State the origin of the semimembranosus muscle
Superolateral impression of the ischial tuberosity
68
State the insertion of the semimembranosus muscle.
Medial tibial condyle
69
Which nerve innervates the semimembranosus muscle?
Sciatic nerve
70
What are the functions of the semimembranosus muscle?
1. Flexes leg at knee joint
2. Extends thigh at hip joint
3. Medially rotates thigh at hip joint and leg at knee joint
71
Which muscles are in the adductor compartment of the thigh?
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
72
State the origin of the Adductor longus muscle.
External surface of the body of the pubis
73
State the insertion of the Adductor longus.
Linea aspera on the middle of the shaft of the femur
74
Which nerve innervates the Adductor longus?
Obturator nerve
75
State the origin of the Adductor brevis.
External surface of the body of the pubis and inferior pubic ramus
76
State the insertion of the Adductor brevis muscle.
Posterior surface of proximal femur
77
Which nerve innervates the Adductor brevis?
Obturator nerve
78
State the origin of the adductor part of the Adductor Magnus muscle
Ischiopubic ramus
79
State the origin of the hamstring part of the Adductor Magnus.
Ischial tuberosity
80
What is the function of the muscles in the adductor compartments of the tight?
It is to adduct and medially rotate the thigh at the hip joint
81
List the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg.
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Peroneus tertius/Fibularis tertius
Extensor hallucinations longus
82
State the origin of the Tibialis anterior muscle
Lateral surface of tibia and adjacent interosseous membrane
83
Which nerve innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Deep fibular nerve
84
Name the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg.
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
85
List the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
86
Which nerve innervates the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?
Superficial fibular nerve
87
Name the muscles in the muscle layer of the thorax
External intercostal
Internal intercostal
Innermost intercostal
88
What is the function of the external intercostal muscle?
Moves the ribs superiorly
89
What is the function of the internal intercostal muscle?
Moves the ribs inferiorly
90
Which nerves innervate the intercostal muscles?
Intercostal nerves; T1 - T11
91
Name the muscles in the muscle layer of the abdomen
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus oblique
Rectus abdominis
92
Describe the nerve supply of muscles in general.
Muscles of similar actions are innervated by the same nerves. Muscles are innervated by one motor neuron and it branches into the muscle fibres.
93
What is a motor unit?
The cell body, nerve fibre and all the muscle fibres supplied by a motor nerve
94
What is a prime mover?
Also called the agonist. It is the main muscle responsible for producing a specific movement of the body. It contracts concentrically to produce the desired movement.
95
What is a fixator?
A muscle that steadies the proximal parts of a limb through isometric contraction while movements are occurring in distal parts
96
What is a synergist?
A muscle that complements the action of a prime mover. It may directly assist a prime mover, providing a weaker or less mechanically advantaged component of the same movement, or it may assist indirectly, by serving as a fixator of an intervening joint when a prime mover passes over more than one joint.
97
What is an antagonist?
A muscle that opposes the action of another muscle.
98
List the types of muscle contractions
1. Reflexive contraction
2. Tonic contraction
3. Physical contraction
99
What are the 2 types of tonic muscle contractions?
1. Isometric
2. Isotonic
100
What are the the 2 types of Isotonic contraction?
1. Concentric contraction - muscle shortens
2. Eccentric contraction - muscle lengthens
101
Name the factors that influence the strength of muscle contraction.
1. Cross-sectional area
2. Length of lever
3. Force-length relation of a muscle
102
What is the influence of gravity on muscle action?
Gravity may be the prime mover e.g. addicting the upper limbs from the abducted position.
103
What is a neutraliser?
A muscle that neutralises unwanted movements caused by another agonist
104
What is a bursa?
A closed connective tissue pouch lined by synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid. They reduce friction between muscles and other hard structures.
105
What are flat muscles?
They have parallel fibres often with an aponeurosis.
106
What are fusiform muscles?
Spindle-shaped with a round, thick belly and tapered ends
107
What are convergent muscles?
Muscles that arise from a broad area and converge to form a single tendon
108
What are quadrate muscles?
Muscles that have four equal parts
109
What are circular or sphincteral muscles?
Muscles that surround a body opening or orifice, constricting it when contracted.
