Session 5 - Stomach anatomy

Question 1

What are the five main parts of the stomach?

Answer 1

• Cardia
• Fundus
• Body
• Antrum
• Pylorus

Question 2

What are the two main borders of the stomach?

Answer 2

• The lesser curvature

* The greater curvature

Question 3

Where does the oesophagogastric junction lie?

Answer 3

• To the left of T11 on the horizontal plane that passes through th xiphoid process

Question 4

What is the line at which osophageal mucosa changes to gastric?

Answer 4

The Z line

Question 5

What acts as a physiological sphincter?

Answer 5

• The diaphragmatic musculature forming the oesophageal hiatus functions as a physiological spgnicter that contracts and relaxes

Question 6

What two structures prevent refllux into the oesophagus?

Answer 6

• Cardiac notch

* Diaphragmatic musculature

Question 7

What is the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 7

• Thick, circular muscle coat acts as sphincter, control discharge of the stomach contents through the pyloric orifice into the duodenum

Question 8

What is the folded shape of the gastric mucosa known as?

Answer 8

• Rugae

Question 9

What are the three histologically distinct zones of the gastric mucosa?

Answer 9

• Cardia
• Fundus and body

Pyloric

Question 10

What is a gastric canal?

Answer 10

• Channel generated by folds in the gastric mucosa through which saliva and other fluids can reach the pyloric sphincter

Question 11

What cells are present in the cardia?

Answer 11

• Neck cells - Mucus

Question 12

What cells are present in the fundus and body?

Answer 12

• Neck cells - Mucus
• Parietal - acid
• Chief - Pepsinogen

Question 13

What cells are present in the pyloris?

Answer 13

• Neck cells - Mucus

* G-cells - Gastrin

Question 14

Where are peptic ulcers common?

Answer 14

• In the antrum ad along the lesser curvature of the stomach

Question 15

What is the greater omentum?

Answer 15

• A prominent, four layered peritoneal fold that hangs down like an apron from the greater curve of the stomach
• After descending it folds back and attachs to the anterior surface of the transverse colon and its mesentery

Question 16

What is the lesser omentum?

Answer 16

• A much smaller, double-layered peritoneal fold that connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum to the liver.

Connects the stomach to the portal traid

Question 17

What is the epiploic foramen?

Answer 17

• The greater and lessaer omentum communicate through the omental foramen, and opening situated posterior to the free edge of the lesser omentum.

Question 18

Where is the arterial supply of the stomach derived from?

Answer 18

• The coeliac trunk

* Originated from the abdominal aorta

Question 19

What are the three main branches of the coeliac trunk?

Answer 19

• Left gastric artery
• Splenic artery
• Common hepatic artery

Question 20

What is the blood supply of the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Answer 20

• Coeliac trunk -> Left gastric

* Coeliac trunk -> Common Hepatic -> Right gastric

Question 21

What is the blood supply of the greater curvature of the stomach?

Answer 21

• Coeliac trunk -> Splenic -> Left gastro-omental

* Coeliac trunk -> Common hepatic -> Gastroduodenal -> Right gastro-omental

Question 22

What is the blood supply of the fundus and the body of the stomach?

Answer 22

• Coeliac trunk -> Splenic -> Posterior gastric/ Small gastric

Question 23

List the veins of the stomach

Answer 23

• Left gastric vein
• Right gastric vein
• Short gastric vein
• Left gastro-omental vein
• Right gastro-omental vein

Question 24

What is the path of the left gastric vein?

Answer 24

• Follows the course of the left gastric artery

Drains into the hepatic portal vein

Question 25

What is the path of the right gastric vein?

Answer 25

• Follows the course of the right gastric artery Drains into the hepatic portal vein

Question 26

What is the path of the short gastric vein?

Answer 26

• Follows the course of the short gastric artery • Drains into the splenic vein ○ Joins SMV to form hepatic portal vein

Question 27

What is the path of the left gastro-omental vein?

Answer 27

• Follows the course of the left gastro-omental artery • Drains into the splenic veins ○ Joints SMV to form hepatic protal vein

Question 28

What is the path of the rigth gastro-omental vein?

Answer 28

* Follows the course of the right gastro-omental artery * Drains into the superior mesenteric vein Joins splenic vein to form hepatic portal vein

Question 29

What can acute gastritis of the stomach be caused by?

Answer 29

* NSAIDS/Alcohol | * Exfoliation of the surface epithelial cells and decreased secretion of protective mucus

Question 30

What can chronic gastritis of the stomach be cause by?

Answer 30

• Infection with the bacteria helicobacter pylori Inflammatory change sin the mucosa resulkt in atrophy and epithelial metaplasia