Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Infection > Session 8 - Travel Related Infections & COVID-19 > Flashcards

Session 8 - Travel Related Infections & COVID-19 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 considerations when making a differential diagnosis for travel infections?

A

Where they travelled to
Incubation period
Clinical presentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the vector of malaria?

A

Female anopheles mosquito

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the incubation period of malaria?

A

Minimum 6 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are 8 symptoms of malaria?

A 
Fever
Chills
Splenomegaly
Headache
Fatigue
Muscle and back pain 
Dry cough 
Nausea and vomiting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the more severe form of malaria?

A

Falciparum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are 8 possible symptoms of severe falciparum malaria?

A 
Tachycardia
Pulmonary oedema
Diarrhea
Acute kidney injury
Confusion
Clotting problems
Metabolic acidosis
Secondary infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are 4 investigations to do for malaria?

A

Thick and thin blood smears
Blood tests: FBC, U&E, LFT
CXR
Head CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are 2 forms of management for malaria?

A

Removal of vector

Drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are 3 drugs to use for malaria?

A

Artesunate
Quinine
Doxycycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the mechanism of infection for enteric fever?

A

Fascial oral from contaminated food or water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are 2 microorganisms that cause enteric fever?

A

Salmonella typhi

Salmonella parathyphi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are 4 virulence factors of Salmonella typhi?

A

Low infectious dose
Survives gastric acid
Fimbriae adhere to epithelium
Reside within macrophage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are patients susceptible to enteric fever?

A

Children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the incubation period of enteric fever?

A

7-14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are 5 symptoms and signs of enteric fever?

A

Fever, headache, abdominal discomfort, dry cough, bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the diagnostic investigation for enteric fever?

A

Blood culture

17
Q

What are the 3 treatment options for enteric fever?

A

IV Ceftriaxone
Azithromycin
Ciprofloxacin

18
Q

What is 3 protection methods for enteric fever?

A

Vaccination

Good water and food hygiene

19
Q

Wha are 2 complications of enteric fever?

A

Intestinal haemorrhage and perforation

Seeding

20
Q

What is the most common arbovirus?

A

Dengue

21
Q

What is the structure of coronavirus?

A

Large, enveloped, pleomorphic particles with distinctive arrangement of spikes projecting from surfaces

22
Q

What is the genetic material of coronavirus?

A

single stranded RNA

23
Q

What is the major surface antigen of coronavirus?

A

Spike glycoproteins - required for entry into cells

24
Q

How is coronavirus transmitted?

A

Respiratory route

25
Q

What are 3 potential modes of transmission of coronavirus?

A

Small droplets - suspended in air for significant amt of time
Large droplets - fall rapidly to ground, transmitted over short distances
Larger droplets - settling onto surfaces touched and transported by hands onto mucosal membranes

26
Q

What are 3 barriers to entry via the respiratory route?

A

Respiratory epithelial cells covered by thick mucus
Ciliated respiratory epithelial cells that sweep mucus up from lower to upper tract
Immunologic defenses

27
Q

How does coronavirus enter cells?

A

Spike glycoproteins on surface binds to ACE2 then gets endocytosed

28
Q

What is used to replicate coronavirus?

A

RNA dependent RNA polymerase

29
Q

What are 6 symptoms of coronavirus?

A 
Fever
Headache
Muscle pain
Extreme fatigue
Dry cough
Loss of taste or smell
30
Q

What are 3 ways to diagnose COVID?

A

Molecular tests - nasopharyngeal swab - extract RNA convert to DNA, PCR, then detect viral RNA
SalivaDirect Test - RNA converted to DNA and amplify with PCR with primers then detect viral RNA
Lateral flow test - saliva applied to pad with antibodies, antigen from virus bond with antibodies, flow along pad, bond with more antibodies at test line

31
Q

What are 5 treatments of COVID-19?

A 
Dexamethasome
Remdesivir
NIV
LMWH
Vaccine
32
Q

Why are there many variants of coronavirus?

A

10h
High error rate of viral RNA polymerases
Lack of proofreading ability leads to mutations and genetic variation

Infection (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions