Sessions 15 and 16 (Hardware and Software) Flashcards

(49 cards)

1
Q

___ bits make up one byte. One byte creates a ____.

A

8 bits. One byte creates a character

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2
Q

byte size measurement: (4)

A
  1. kilobyte
  2. megabyte
  3. gigabyte
  4. terabyte
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3
Q

CPU cycles determine:

A

how quickly a central processing unit executes software instructions

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4
Q

examples of input devices

A
  • keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, pointing stick, microphone
  • point of sale: captures transactions
  • bar code reader –> needs to be in direct line of sight
  • radio frequency ID (RFID) –> ex. opus card
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5
Q

what is the limiting factor with hardware?

A

heat –> how we can compact more into less space

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6
Q

the operating system:

A

directs traffic, manages files, manages resources

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7
Q

what does utility manage

A

add-ons

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8
Q

what are the two types of application software?

A
  1. personal productivity (Word, Excel, desktop publishing, personal finance, etc.)
  2. enterprise software (ERP, CRM, SCM)
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9
Q

what are types of personal operating systems (4?)

A
  1. Mac OS
  2. Microsoft Windows
  3. Linux –> open source OS for high-end workstations and network servers
  4. Handheld: Android, iOS
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10
Q

how to choose the operating system?

A
  • compatibility
  • cost
  • customization
  • ease of use
  • stability
  • security
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11
Q

desktop vs enterprise software?

A

desktop: apps installed on a personal computer, typically supporting tasks performed by a single user
enterprise: apps that address the needs of multiple simultaneous users throughout an organization or work group

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12
Q

what are the problems with implementing enterprise IT?

A
  • incompatible IS
  • inconsistent operating practices
  • info is fragmented and stored in a myriad of places
  • individual function, business unit, factory, office
  • help support a local activity
  • maintenance of legacy systems is a nightmare
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13
Q

advantage of enterprise systems

A

different departments can now talk to each other

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14
Q

impact of enterprise systems

A
  • re-engineer business processes
  • streamline workflows, reduce inventories
  • shorten cycle times
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15
Q

what is a database management system?

A
  • aka database software

- software used for maintaining, creating, manipulating data

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16
Q

most enterprise software works in conjunction with:

A

a database management system

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17
Q

what are erp systems

A
  • enterprise resource planning
  • commercial software systems that automate and integrate many or most of a business’ processes

objective:

  • tightly integrate functional areas of organization
  • enable seamless info flow across the functional area
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18
Q

enterprise resource planning previously included:

A
  • silos of info
  • walking office to office
  • long lines
  • lack of communication
  • open 8-5, 5 days of week
  • inconsistent info
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19
Q

erp now includes:

A
  • no silos/no hassle
  • customer focused
  • cross-departmental
  • accessed by web
  • seamless service
  • 24/7
  • consistent info
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20
Q

upstream activities are:

21
Q

downstream activities are:

22
Q

your ERP is the ____ with both CRM and SCM

23
Q

buy side: SCM interfaces with ___

24
Q

sell side: CRM interfaces with ___

25
what do business intelligence systems allow?
enables collaboration and monitoring of critical data across the three systems (ERP, CRM, SCM)
26
types of customer relationships to measure with data analytics:
- relationship profitability - relationship duration - number of relationships
27
examples of frictions on supply chain
- time - cost - inventories
28
discuss making your own ERP from scratch
- can mix and match components pro: benefit of customization which fits need of firm con: advantage comes at expense of high development and maintenance costs; time consuming (longer implementation time)
29
discuss buying an ERP (vs making)
- most vendor's ERPs are flexible enough that you can install some modules (finance/HR) without buying whole package pros: faster implementation, lower IT overhead, builds on industry best practice cons: may not always be exact fit for your organization; costly modifications to preserve processes that provide a competitive edge
30
what are three interesting issues with software
1. handling upgrades 2. compatibility 3. piracy issues
31
conventional software firms vs. open source software
conventional: - does not provide source code for commercial products - treat intellectual property as closely guarded secret OSS: - anyone can look at source code - anyone can change it and redistribute it provided modified software remains open and free - generally is free
32
OSS examples
- Linux (found on 30% of servers in corporate America) | - Firefox, OpenOffice, SugarCRM
33
a popular combination of OSS: LAMP
Linux Apache Web server software MySQL P (several programming languages- Perl, Python, PHP)
34
why open source?
- cost - reliability (many eyes on code, can fix problems quickly) - security - scalability (most can run on low-end to high-end hardware) - agility and time to market
35
where is the money in OSS?
– Vendors make money on OSS by selling support and consulting services (Redhat) – Sell advanced hardware (Sun, IBM) – Sell proprietary software to augment or optimize OSS – Steal customers from a stronger competitor (Oracle)
36
drawbacks of OSS? (3)
1. Complexity of some OSS products – Difficult to install and maintain – Higher total cost of ownership for some products 2. Concern about the ability of a product’s development community to provide support or product improvement 3. Legal and licensing concerns – violation of software patents or other unauthorized use of proprietary code – Varying types of OSS licensing agreements
37
what are the system development methodologies? (4)
 SDLC a.k.a. Waterfall methodology  Prototyping  Rapid application development (RAD)  Agile Method
38
the systems development life cycle looks at:
how do we develop the software?
39
discuss phase 1 of the Waterfall method (planning):
 What are our opportunities  What are our priorities  Can IS be used to address these needs?  Define the system to be developed  Critical success factor - a factor simply critical to your organization’s success  Set the project scope  Project scope document - a written definition of the project scope and is usually no longer than a paragraph  Develop the project plan including tasks, resources, and timeframes
40
discuss phase 2 of the Waterfall method (Analysis):
The first challenge is finding the right people to participate.  The second challenge is collecting and integrating the information Functional Requirements: User Interface Requirements  Automatic entry of product data and easy-to-use data entry screens for web customers  Processing Requirements  Fast, automatic calculation of sales totals and shipping costs  Storage Requirements  Fast retrieval and update of data from product, pricing, and customer databases
41
discuss phase 3 of the Waterfall method (Design):
- user interface design - data design - process design
42
discuss phase 4 of the Waterfall method (Development):
Build the technical architecture  Build the database and programs  Both of these activities are mostly performed by IT specialists
43
what are the pros of the system development life cycle?
``` Pros:  Oldest and most widely used model  Life cycle concept is very useful  Still the optimal model when requirements are relatively certain and not likely to change ```
44
what are the cons of the system development life cycle?
Cons:  Errors detected late are very costly  Not very useful when requirements are uncertain  Many real projects rarely follow a sequential flow  Often difficult to know all requirements early on  Customers and users need to be patient  Developers get delayed, often unnecessarily
45
What is this: ``` A model of a proposed product, service, or system  An iterative approach to the systems development lifecycle  The process of building a model that demonstrates the features of a proposed product, service, or system. ```
prototyping
46
what are potential issues with prototyping?
 Leads People To Think System Will Come Sooner Than It Will  Avoidance In Creating Formal Documentation  Lack of Testing  Project Is Often Hard To Terminate  No Indication of Performance In Operational Conditions  Company Resources Not Often Used Efficiently  Don’t Usually Fit Well With Other Corporate Systems (stand alones)
47
waterfall vs protyping
``` Traditional SDLC  Linear  Structured  Rigid  Slow / Methodical / Thorough  First Delivered Is Last Delivered ``` ``` Prototyping  Iterative or Cyclical  Less Structured  Flexible  Fast Initial Delivery  First Delivered Is Rarely The Last Delivered ```
48
when to use traditional SDLC vs Prototype
``` Traditional SDLC  Requirements Well-Known  Routine Issues  Risk of Failure Low  Cost Associated with Failure is Lower ``` ``` Prototyping  Requirements Not WellKnown  Non-Routine Issues  Risk of Failure High  Cost Associated with Failure is Higher  When Communication Problems Exist  When a Concrete Form is Needed to Evaluate ```
49
discuss rapid application development
RAD stresses the mechanics of the system itself and does not emphasize the company’s strategic business needs  Might allow less time to develop quality, consistency, and design standards