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ZEukaryotic Diversity > Set 11 > Flashcards

Set 11 Flashcards

1
Q

EUMETAZOANS

A

multicellular animals possessing tissues

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2
Q

Two phyla in Radiata

A

Cnidaria and ctenophora

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3
Q

Examples of cnidaria

A

hydroids, jellyfish, sea anemones and corals

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4
Q

Example of ctenophora

A

comb jellies

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5
Q

What evolutionarily is a divergence point between radiata and bilateria

A

Radiata has tissues only. Bilataria has organs and bilateral symmetry.

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6
Q

In radiate where does gastrulation end?

A

2 germ layers

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7
Q

What are the tissues in a diploblastic embryo

A

Outer ectoderm, inner endoderm

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8
Q

Describe the diploblastic embryo

A

two germ layers, and incomplete gut

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9
Q

GVC

A

Gastrovascular cavity (incomplete gut, only one opening)

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10
Q

What does phylum cnidaria stand for

A

Sting bearing. over 9000 species exist.

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11
Q

Colonies or solitary? Portuguese man of war

A

Colony

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12
Q

Colonies or solitary? Brian coral

A

Colony

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13
Q

Colonies or solitary? Jellyfish

A

Solitary

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14
Q

Colonies or solitary? Anemone

A

Solitary

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15
Q

Colonies or solitary? Obelia

A

Colony

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16
Q

Cnidarian locomotion

A

Float, swim, or sessile

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17
Q

Cnidarian sensory structures

A

Gravity-sensing statocysts, light-sensing ocelli, NERVES

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18
Q

Cnidarian circulation/transport

A

GVC and can branch out to gastric canals in some jellyfish

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19
Q

Cnidarian osmoregulation/extretory

A

no specialized structures. simple diffusion with environment

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20
Q

Cnidarian respiration

A

simple diffusion with environment

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21
Q

Cnidarian feeding

A

Mostly carnivorous and captures prey with tentacles. Extracellular and intracellular digestion.

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22
Q

Cnidarian reproduction

A

Both monoecious and dioecious species and both asexual and sexual

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23
Q

Two types of Cnidarian body types

A

Polyp and medusa

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24
Q

cylindrical, usually sessile but some can move. solitary or colonial. tentacles surround a mouth/anus that faces upward

A

Polyp

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25
Q

umbrella-shaped bell floats or swims by contraction. tentacles surround a mouth/anus that faces downward

A

medusa

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26
Q

Cnidarian can exist in either polyp or medusa or…

A

alternate during their life cycles.

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27
Q

Outer epidermis is formed from (Cnidarian)

A

ectoderm

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28
Q

inner gastrodermis is formed from (Cnidarian)

A

endoderm

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29
Q

acellular mesoglea is found (Cnidarian)

A

between gastrodermis and epidermis

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30
Q

incomplete gut (Cnidarian) is surrounded by

A

tentacles

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31
Q

Cells in tentacles of Cnidarian used to capture and defense

A

Cnidocytes

32
Q

Organelles in cnidocytes are called

A

cnidae

33
Q

Most common cnidae that eject barbed stinging toxic harpoon threads

A

nematocysts

34
Q

Some cnidae can also attack in which way

A

with glue to entangle prey

35
Q

triggered by physical contact to release harpoon

A

cnidocytes

36
Q

trap door that pops open

A

operculum

37
Q

after nematocyst is released what happens to the cnidocyte

A

destroyed and gets replaced

38
Q

Outer epidermis has what kinda muscle cells

A

longitudinal microfilaments

39
Q

Inner gastrodermis has what kinda muscle cells

A

circular microfilaments

40
Q

embedded Cnidarian stem cells give rise to

A

sex cells, cnidocytes, sensory cells, and nerve cells (movement requires muscles and nerves)

41
Q

Nerves and muscles allows for

A

body locomotion for food capture

42
Q

Nerve cells form synapses and interact with

A

sensory and muscle cells

43
Q

How is the GVC an evolutionary advantage?

A

This allows capture of larger pray in extracellular digestion. (innovation over sponges)

44
Q

Describe feeding in Cnidarian

A

Tentacles with cnidocytes capture prey and pass it to the single GVC signed with ciliated gastrodermal cells

45
Q

Enzymes in the GCV carry out extracellular digestion which allows for digestion of

A

larger food instead of individual cell

46
Q

After food passes through the GVC, what happens to the food

A

Exit the GVC through vacuoles, where they’re digested further intracellularly.

47
Q

What happens to food that is not digested in the GVC

A

Exits the GVC through the mouth/anus

48
Q

How can polyps reproduce asexually

A

budding, fission, pedal laceration

49
Q

How can polyps reproduce sexually?

A

gametes are released for external fertilization

50
Q

What happens to cnidarian zygote after it’s fertilized

A

Develops into a swimming, ciliated, planula larva that will develop into a new polyp

51
Q

What is a hydrostatic skeleton

A

Fluid-filled GVC that provides support

52
Q

4 classes of cnidarians

A

Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Anthozoa, Cubozoa

53
Q

Examples of hydrozoa

A

hydroids, portuguese man of war

54
Q

Examples of schyphozoa

A

true jellyfish

55
Q

Examples of anthozoa

A

sea anemones and corals

56
Q

Examples of cubozoa

A

Box jellies

57
Q

Predominant phase in hydrozoans

A

Polyp

58
Q

Hydrozoan feeding polyps

A

Gastrozooids

59
Q

Hydrozoan reproductive polyps

A

Gonozooids (asexual) produce small medusa that bud off and swim away

60
Q

Predominant phase in schyphozoa

A

Medusa

61
Q

Sensory structure in scyphozoa for balance and sensing gravity

A

statocyst

62
Q

Sensory structure in schyphozoa for photoreception

A

ocellus

63
Q

Describe the scyphozoan life cycle

A

Male medusa releases sperm and fertilizes egg making swimming planula larva, that settles, becomes a polyp, buds off, and becomes ephyra and matures.

64
Q

Scyphozoan juvenile medusa

A

ephyra

65
Q

Only phase of anthozoa

A

polyps

66
Q

Three types of anthozoas

A

solitary soft bodies, colonial hard corals, colonial soft corals

67
Q

Examples of solitary soft bodies anthozoas

A

Sea anemones

68
Q

Examples of colonial soft bodied corals anthozoans

A

sea fans, sea whips, sea pansies

69
Q

What makes colonial hard corals anthozoans

A

calcium carbonate

70
Q

What makes colonial soft corals anthozoans

A

flexible gorgonin protein

71
Q

hard-coral polyps harbor what?

A

zooxanthellae endosymbionts (dinoflagellate algae) that provide food molecules and enhance a coral’s ability to deposit calcium carbonate

72
Q

Coral reefs have great ecological (___) and economic (___) importance

A

Provide structure. Tourism.

73
Q

Prominent phase in cubozoa

A

medusa

74
Q

Facts about ctenophora

A

monoecious, diploblastic, meoglea, radial symmetry, branching GVC.

75
Q

Rows of bands of cilia used for locomotion

A

ctenes

76
Q

Similar to cnidarians but have no __ and instead have

A

nematocysts.

Colloblasts (glue) to capture prey.

ZEukaryotic Diversity (16 decks)

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