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ZEukaryotic Diversity > Set 15 > Flashcards

Set 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Nematoda are

A

roundworms

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2
Q

Eutely means

A

Constant cell number

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3
Q

Nematoda characteristics

A

Free living, serious parasites of all animals and plants, model organism of cell differentiation

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4
Q

Distinguishing characteristics of nematodes

A 
Tripoblastic.
Ecdysozoans (molting).
Pseudocoelom. 
Complete gut. 
No circulatory system.
Cuticle of collagen.
Only longitudinal muscles.
Gas exchange and nwaste through simple diffusion
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5
Q

Means of infections of Hookworm

A

Contact with soil infested with juveniles that burrow into skin

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6
Q

Means of infections of Pinworm

A

Inhalation of dust containing ova and contamination with fingers

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7
Q

Means of infection of intestinal roundworm

A

Ingestion of ova containing embryos in contaminated food

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8
Q

Means of infection of trichina worm

A

Ingestion of infected muscle

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9
Q

Nematodes also infect plants and

A

reduce crop yields

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10
Q

“joint foot animals”

A

Arthropoda.

Crustaceans, horseshoe crabs, scorpions, spiders, ticks, mites, centipedes, insects.

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11
Q

Characteristics of arthropods

A 
tagmosis
joined appendages
hard chitin exoskeleton 
metamorphosis
complete digestive system
open circulatory system
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12
Q

Largest phyla of animals

A

Arthopoda

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13
Q

Within arthropods, most species are

A

insects (hexapoda)

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14
Q

Phylum of velvet worms

A

Onychophora

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15
Q

What is new on onychophoras

A

A pair of unjointed legs on each segment

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16
Q

Phylum of water bears or moss piglets

A

Tardrigrada

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17
Q

Characteristics of tardigrada

A

tiny, 4 pairs of unjointed legs with claws, outer cuticle gets molted, cryptobiosis (tun)

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18
Q

What is the hard outer exoskeleton in arthropods made of?

A

Chitin, protein, and calcium carbonate.

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19
Q

What is arthropodation?

A

Hard outer exoskeleton.
Paired jointed appendages.
Major body cavity is a hemocoel (coelom is reduced, persistent blastocoel).
Tagmosis.

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20
Q

Grouping of metameres into distinct functionally specialized body regions is called

A

Tagmosis.

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21
Q

Insect metameres form what distinct tagmata

A

head, thorax, and abdomen

22
Q

Appendages on tagmata become specialized for

A

walking, eating, swimming, breathing

23
Q

Open circulatory system in arthropods

A

blood empties from vessels and bathes organs and tissues in hemocoel and returns to the pumping heart through ostia openings

24
Q

Major reasons for arthropod success (4)

A

Various tagmatization.
Joined appendages.
Differences in appendage specialization.
Having hard exoskeleton.

25
Q

Challenges of hard exoskeleton: restricts growth

A

Ecdysis.
A new soft cuticle is deposited under old one, animal inflates, old cuticle splits, animal emerges.
Happens because of hormones.

26
Q

Challenges of hard exoskeleton: restricts movement

A

Jointed exoskeleton.
“antagonistic” extensor (d) and flexor (u) muscles.
Joint where cuticle in thin and flexible.

27
Q

Challenges of hard exoskeleton: restricts gas exchange

A

Respiratory gills, book-lungs, tracheal systems

28
Q

Challenges of hard exoskeleton: restricts diffusion of nitrogenous solutes and water

A

Excretory malpighian tubules, antenna glands

29
Q

Challenges of hard exoskeleton: Restricts sensation

A

many different sensory receptors, or bristles.

Bristles are mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors

30
Q

Arthropoda subphylum (5)

A 
Trilobita.
Chelicerata.
Crustacea.
Myriiapoda.
Hexapoda.
31
Q

Facts of trilobites

A

Tri-lobed longitudinal.

Oldest known arthropods.

32
Q

Facts of chelicerata

A

1 pair of chelicerae, 1 pair of pedipalps, 4 pairs walking legs.
No antennae.
No mandible.
Two magmata.

33
Q

Examples of chelicerata

A

Horseshoe crabs, scorpions, spiders, mites, ticks

34
Q

Classes of chelicerata

A

Merostomata, arachnida

35
Q

Characteristics of class arachnida

A 
2 magmata.
No antennae, mandible. 
Poison glands, sucking mouthparts.
Book lungs.
Excretion through malpighian tubules.
Internal fertilisation
direct development
36
Q

What order are spiders in

A

Araneae

37
Q

What order are scorpions in

A

Scorpionida

38
Q

What order are daddy long legs in

A

Opilionida

39
Q

What order are ticks and mites in

A

Acari

40
Q

Classes in Subphylum Crustacea

A

Branchiopoda
Cirripedia
Malacostraca

41
Q

Examples of class branchiopoda

A

Brine shrimp, daphnia (water flea)

42
Q

Examples of class cirripedia

A

Barnacles

43
Q

Facts of class cirripedia

A

Sessile.
Calcareous plates close to protect low tide.
Thoracic legs long and feathery.
Cirri extend to trap small food

44
Q

What are melacostracas

A

isopods (dorsoventrally flattened)

45
Q

facts of order decapoda

A

5 pairs of walking legs. posterior swimming pleopods, tail fan.
Carapace shields cephalothorax.
Lobster tail is the abdominal tagma

46
Q

Examples of order decapoda

A

Crayfish, lobsters, crabs, true shrimp

47
Q

Swimming legs in decapoda are called

A

pleopods

48
Q

Walking legs in decapoda are called

A

pereiopods

49
Q

The gills in the decapoda are attached to

A

walking appendages

50
Q

The pincers in decapoda are called

A

chelipeds

ZEukaryotic Diversity (16 decks)

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