Set 2.1 (General pathology) Flashcards
(25 cards)
A local subacute immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. Intradermal injection of antigen into a presensitized (has circulating IgG) individual leads to immune complex formation in the skin. Characterized by edema, necrosis, and activation of complement.
a. Arthus Reaction
b. Serum Sickness
c. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
d. Anaphylaxis
e. Delayed Type hypersensitivity
a. Arthus Reaction
A 25-year-old man develops fever and skin rash. The patient was discharged from the hospital 10 days ago after treatment for a copperhead snake bite to his left leg. He received multiple doses of polyvalent Fab antivenom therapy and other supportive care during hospitalization. The patient’s bite site pain, swelling, and ecchymosis have resolved; however, he has developed fever, pain in multiple extremity joints, and pruritic rash over the past 2 days. Physical examination shows a diffuse urticarial rash. There is tenderness to palpation of the bilateral metacarpophalangeal joints, wrists, and ankles with no redness or swelling. Which of the following is the most likely underlying mechanism of this patient’s current condition?
a. Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction
b. Type II Hypersensitivity Reaction
c. Type III Hypersensitivity Reaction
d. Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction
e. Type V Hypersensitivity Reaction
c. Type III Hypersensitivity Reaction
The vegetative lesions of infective (vegetative) endocarditis consist of masses of microorganisms enmeshed in a network of fibrin. The most common site for formation of such lesions when caused by
Streptococcus viridans is
a. normal pulmonic valve
b. normal tricuspid valve
c. previously damaged mitral valve
d. previously damaged aortic valve
e. either a diseased pulmonic or tricuspid valve
c. previously damaged mitral valve
A patient has community acquired pneumonia secondary to Streptococcus pneumonia infection. Complete blood count was requested. Which of the
following results would you expect?
a. Normal leukocytes
b. Leukocytosis with neutrophilic predominance
c. Leukocytosis with IgE predominance
d. Leukopenia
e. Leukocytosis with lymphocytic predominance
b. Leukocytosis with neutrophilic predominance
What do you call the non-neoplastic transformation with disorganized overgrowth of tissues in their native location. An example of this is Peutz-Jeghers polyps.
a. Choristoma
b. Hamartoma
c. Teratoma
d. Myoma
e. Lipoma
b. Hamartoma
It is a germ cell tumor that is the most common ovarian tumor in females 10–30 years old. It is a cystic mass containing elements from all 3 germ layers like teeth, hair, and sebum. It can present with pain 2° to ovarian enlargement or torsion. Malignant transformation is rare but usually transforms to squamous cell carcinoma.
a. Fibroma
b. Sertoli – Leydig cell tumor
c. Brenner tumor
d. Mature cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst)
e. Serous cystadenoma
d. Mature cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst)
Paralysis of the tongue?
a. Glossoplegia
b. Dysguesia
c. Hypoguesia
d. Glossoptosis
a. Glossoplegia
Renal Threshold for Glucose among normal
individuals without disease?
a. >140 mg/dL
b. >180 mg/dL
c. >220 mg/dL
d. > 260 mg/dL
b. >180 mg/dL
Vitamin deficiency that is water soluble and has been reported in studies to result to glossitis, glossodynia, recurrent ulcers, cheilitis, dysgeusia, lingual paresthesia, burning sensations, and pruritus.
a. Vitamin B6
b. Vitamin B9
c. Vitamin B12
d. Vitamin C
c. Vitamin B12
Patient presents with polyuria, polydipsia, volume depletion and fruity order to the urine or breath. What is the probable cause?
a. Insulin deficiency
b. Adrenal insufficiency
c. Acute tubular necrosis
d. Low plasma renin activity
a. Insulin deficiency
Disease associated with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV8) and classically occurs in patients with HIV. In this condition, palpable macules, plaques, and nodules that are usually a dark brown to violet/purple color is usually seen. What is the diagnosis?
a. Dermatofibroma
b. Psoriasis
c. Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
d. Melanoma
e. Kaposi Sarcoma
e. Kaposi Sarcoma
A 69-year-old man reports several weeks of
nonproductive cough. The patient also has anorexia and unintentional weight loss. His medical history includes hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto thyroiditis and a 50-pack-year smoking history. Examination shows an enlarged right supraclavicular lymph node.
Imaging reveals a large mediastinal mass causing tracheal deviation. The enlarged node is biopsied, and microscopy demonstrates clusters of small, ovoid cells with scant cytoplasm and a high mitotic count. Immunohistochemical staining is positive for chromogranin. This patient most likely has which of the following conditions?
a. Adenocarcinoma
b. Oat Cell Carcinoma
c. Hodgkin Lymphoma
d. Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
b. Oat Cell Carcinoma
A 30-year-old woman reports of skin changes. Blotches of skin on her arms appear to be of a different colorand she also has a tingling sensation in her hands. These symptoms have developed over the past several months. The patient has no other past medical history. She is a political refugee from East Africa. On examination, there are pinkish patchy areas of skin anesthesia and hypopigmentation on
her upper extremities. There was also report of decreased temperature sensation. Nerve biopsy evaluated under light microscopy shows many organisms invading Schwann cells. HIV testing is negative. Which of the following organisms is the most likely cause of this patient’s condition?
a. Borrelia Burgdorferi
b. Campylobacter fetus
c. Mycobacterium Leprae
d. Corynebacterium diphtheria
e. Treponemal Pallidum
c. Mycobacterium Leprae
A patient’s oral examination has shown red-brown
pigments in the tooth substance which causes a
characteristic red discoloration of the teeth, which is
most marked in the cervical area and is reduced
towards the occlusal surface. It was also seen that
some of his relatives have the same condition. What
is the cause?
a. Porpyrhia
b. Scurvy
c. Hemophilia A
d. Lead poisoning
a. Porpyrhia
Which of the following presents with hemorrhagic
tendencies, EXCEPT?:
a. Acute leukemia
b. Scurvy
c. Hepatic insufficiency
d. Adrenal insufficiency
d. Adrenal insufficiency
A 65-year-old man reports of hematuria. The patient
has no abdominal pain, urinary frequency, or urgency. He quit smoking 10 years ago and had smoked a pack of cigarettes daily for 30 years. On examination, vital signs are within normal limits. The patient’s BMI is 33 kg/m2. After appropriate work-up, the patient undergoes a renal biopsy; histopathologic findings are rounded/polygonal cell, distinct round nuclei and cell membrane, with abundant clear cytoplasm. Which of the following processes most likely accounts for the abnormal appearance of these cells?
a. Glycogen and Lipid Accumulation
b. Karyorrhexis
c. Mitochondrial swelling
d. Pigment Accumulation
b. Karyorrhexis
What type of anemia is seen in a patient with increased than normal RBC size (MCV >100 µm3) due to impaired DNA synthesis and accumulation of cytoplasmic components within the slowly dividing erythrocytes?
a. Normocytic Anemia
b. Microcytic Anemia
c. Sickle Cell Anemia
d. Macrocytic Anemia
e. Beta – Thalassemia
d. Macrocytic Anemia
RBC morphology known for its tear-drop shape found
primarily in diseases with bone marrow fibrosis, such
as primary myelofibrosis, myelodysplastic syndromes
during the late course of the disease. It is also a rare
form seen in acute leukemias and myelophthisis
caused by metastatic cancers. What is this?
a. Heinz Bodies
b. Howell Jolly Body
c. Dacryocytes
d. Sickle Cell
e. Spherocytosis
c. Dacryocytes
Nephritic syndrome has an insidious onset, normal or
low GFR, low serum albumin, proteinuria, fatty casts
and associated with edema. Nephrotic syndrome has
an abrupt onset, low GFR, normal albumin, with RBC
casts, hematuria, pyuria and associated with
hypertension.
a. First statement is true. Second statement is
false
b. First statement is false. Second statement is
true
c. Both statements are true
d. Both statements are false
d. Both statements are false
It is a neurocutaneous disorder that is a congenital
nonhereditary anomaly of neural crest derivatives
due to mutation in one copy of the GNAQ gene. It
usually affects the capillary-sized blood vessels
causing port-wine stain in CN V1/V2 distribution and
ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma causing seizures
and epilepsy. What is the disease?
a. Sturge-Weber Syndrome
b. Tuberous Sclerosis
c. Neurofibromatosis Type I
d. Neurofibromatosis Type II
e. von Hippel-Lindau Disease
a. Sturge-Weber Syndrome
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia is common in what
age group?
a. Adult Males
b. Adult Females
c. Children
d. Elderly
c. Children
Abnormal accumulation under gala aponeurotica of
the scalp usually seen among children and newborns.
If low volume, it usually resolves or treated with
compression bandage within a few weeks.
a. Epidural hematoma
b. Subgaleal hematoma
c. Subdural Hematoma
d. Hemorrhagic Stroke
e. Ischemic Stroke
b. Subgaleal hematoma
Patient has intense fear of weight gain, overvaluation
of thinness, and body image distortion leading to
calorie restriction and severe weight loss resulting in
inappropriately low body weight. Which area of the
brain is affected the most?
a. Fronto-striato
b. Limbic circuits
c. Occipital lobe
d. A and B
e. A, B and C
d. A and B
A 19-year-old student collapses suddenly in class and
dies, despite resuscitation efforts. Review of the
medical chart is conducted—including symptoms,
review of systems, medical history, and substance
use—and is unremarkable except for a family history
of sudden cardiac death. Autopsy is performed and
myocardial histology shows cardiomyocyte hypertrophy with haphazard cellular arrangement and prominent interstitial spacing and fibrosis. What is the diagnosis?
a. Dilated Cardiomyopathy
b. Long QT syndrome
c. Myocardial Infarction
d. Aortic dissection
e. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
e. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
