Set 6

Question 1

what is the purpose of mitosis & meiosis?

Answer 1

it maintains the number of chromosomes in cells of a species

Question 2

what are the three things about somatic cells ?

Answer 2

1. both can be mitotically dividing or G arrested cell
2. makes up most tissues
   3.diploid in humans

Question 3

what are germ cells?

Answer 3

diploid specialized cell that go through meiosis to make gametes (egg/sperm) haploid

Question 4

what is n ?

Answer 4

n is the number of chromosomes in 1 set

Question 5

what is the 2 types of meiosis that happen ?

Answer 5

Meiosis I & Meiosis II

Question 6

what generally happens in meosis I

Answer 6

separation of chromosome where 2n got to n

Question 7

what generally happens in Meosis II

Answer 7

Seperation of sister chromosomes

Question 8

how many duplication are in mitosis & meiosis?

Answer 8

1

Question 9

what are the 4 major stages of Meosis I ?

Answer 9

(PMAT I)
Prophase I
Metaphase i
Anaphase I
Telophase I

Question 10

what are the 5 substages of prophase

Answer 10

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Lepotene
Zygotene
Pachytene
Diplotene
Diakinesis

Question 11

what are the 4 steps in order at Prophase I : Leptotene?

Answer 11

1. DNA duplicate ( sister chromotids)
   2.chromsomes condense
   3.centrioles go to oppsite poles
2. microtubules began extending

Question 12

what are the 3 steps in order at Prophase I : Zygotene ?

Answer 12

1. chromsomes look for homologous partner
2. the homologous chromsomes synapsis (zipper) due to proteins
3. they form tetrad/ bivalents

Question 13

what is tetrad?

Answer 13

homologous chromosomes paired ( a group of 4 chromatids

Question 14

what is bivalent

Answer 14

a group of 2 homologous chromsomes

Question 15

what is between the homologous in a tetrad/bivalent ?

Answer 15

the synaptonemal complex

Question 16

what are the 2 steps in order at Prophase I : Pachytene?

Answer 16

1. the homologous chromosomes cross over
2. genetic exchange occur

Question 17

what facilitates exchange of DNA of the homologous chromsomes?

Answer 17

recombination nodules on synaptonemal complex

Question 18

what are the 3 steps in order at Prophase I : Diplotene?

Answer 18

1. synaptonemal complex dissolves
2. the tetrad become visiable
3. cross over points show as chiasmata

Question 19

what is the point of a tetrad cross over?

Answer 19

for maternal & paternal exchange of information which can result in new allelic combinations

Question 20

what are the 3 steps in order at Prophase I : Diakinesis?

Answer 20

1. chromsomes thickin & shorten
2. nuclear membrane breaks down
3. spindle fibers attach to kinetochores

Question 21

what happens at Metaphase I ?

Answer 21

the tetrad sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate

Question 22

what 2 things happen at Anaphase I ?

Answer 22

the tetrads get spilt up and moved to opposite poles and he chiasmata is no longer holding them together

Question 23

what are the 3 steps in order at Telophase I ?

Answer 23

2.nuclear membrane reforms
3. Cytokinesis happens
4. 2 haploid daughter cells (n)

Question 24

what is the difference of Metaphase I & Metaphase in mitosis ?

Answer 24

mitosis separates sister chromosomes
Meiosis metaphase 1 separates homologous chromosomes

Question 25

what is the difference between Anaphase I & Anaphase in mitosis ?

Answer 25

mitosis sister chromatids split meisosis I sister chromatids stay together

Question 26

what is the difference between Telophase I & Telophase is mitosis ?

Answer 26

in mitosis it results in two daughter diploid equal to parent in meiosis telophase I results in two daughter haploid

Question 27

what is the point of Meisos II and how ?

Answer 27

making 2 haploid cell into 4 haploid , seperating sister chromtids

Question 28

what are the 3 steps in order at Prophase II?

Answer 28

1. chromsomes condense 2. centrosomes move to poles 3. sister chromatids attach to spindles

Question 29

what happens at Metaphase II?

Answer 29

chromsomes align at the metaphase plate

Question 30

what happens at Anaphase II ?

Answer 30

sister chromatids get seperated

Question 31

what are the 3 steps in order at Telophase II ?

Answer 31

1. Chromsomes expand 2. nuclear membrane reforms 3. cytokinesis occurs where 2 haploid cells become 4 haploid cells

Question 32

what are 6 difference between mitosis & meiosis?

Answer 32

1. homologous chromsomes pairing 2. genetic exchange 3. homoglous chromsomes dont seperate at all in mitosis 4. the end result is 2 diploid identical daughter cell for mitosis while the result for meiosis is 4 haploid gametes that arent identical to original cell 5. no synapsis 6. Germ cell are meiosis , somatic cells are mitosis

Question 33

what is oogenesis?

Answer 33

where meosis produces only one egg and 3 other polar bodies

Question 34

what is spermatogenesis ?

Answer 34

a continuous cycle where meiosis produces 4 sperm cells