Sexual Health

Question 1

What kind of test is used to test for chlamydia and gonorrhoea?

Answer 1

Nucleic acid amplification testing - dual PCR test.

Question 2

Where do women swab to test for chlamydia and gonorrhoea?

Answer 2

Vagina

Question 3

Where do men swab to test for chlamydia and gonorrhoea?

Answer 3

Urine sample

If history dictates:
pharynx
rectal

Question 4

What kind of test is used to test for herpes?

Answer 4

Viral PCR test - swab fluid from ulcers.

Question 5

What is meant by a window period?

Answer 5

The period of time when a person may be infected but the test is not yet positive.

Question 6

What is the window period for chlamydia?

Answer 6

2 weeks

Question 7

What is the window period for gonorrhoea?

Answer 7

2 weeks

Question 8

What is the window period for HIV?

Answer 8

4 weeks

Question 9

What is the window period for syphilis?

Answer 9

3 months

Question 10

What is the window period for hep B?

Answer 10

3 months

Question 11

What is the window period for hep C?

Answer 11

4 weeks to 3 months

Question 12

What are the long acting, reversible methods of contraception?

Answer 12

Implant
Injection
Intrauterine device (hormonal or non-hormonal)

Question 13

What are the long acting permanent methods of contraception?

Answer 13

Vasectomy

Sterilisation

Question 14

What are the methods of contraception that must be taken/used regularly?

Answer 14

Hormonal pills, patches or rings
Condoms
Diaphragms

Question 15

Which hormone does the implant release?

Answer 15

Progestogen

Question 16

What are the side effects of the implant?

Answer 16

1/3 women:

• no periods
• regular periods
• unpredictable bleeding

Question 17

Which hormone does the injection release?

Answer 17

Progestogen

Question 18

How do progestogen hormones stop pregnancy?

Answer 18

Stops egg being released
Mucus thicker
Thins lining of womb

Question 19

How often should the injection be given?

Answer 19

Every 13 weeks

Question 20

What is the typical failure rate of the injection?

Answer 20

6%

Question 21

What are the side effects of the injection?

Answer 21

Stop having periods
Irregular bleeding
Weight gain
Reduce bone mineral density
Can take up to a year to start ovulating again after stopping use.

Question 22

How does the hormonal coil reduce pregnancy?

Answer 22

Progestogen - thins endometrium, mucus thicker. 10% inhibits ovulation.

Question 23

What are the side effects of the hormonal coil?

Answer 23

Periods lighter and less painful, may stop altogether.

Irregular bleeding common for first 6 months.

Question 24

How does the copper coil reduce pregnancy?

Answer 24

Copper kills sperm, stops implantation, mucus thick.

Question 25

What are the side effects of the copper coil?

Answer 25

Periods can be heavier and more painful

Question 26

How long does the mirena coil last?

Answer 26

3-5 years

Question 27

How long does the copper coil last?

Answer 27

5-10 years

Question 28

How does combined hormonal contraception reduce pregnancy?

Answer 28

Inhibits ovulation | Alters mucus and endometrium

Question 29

What is the typical failure rate of combined hormonal contraception?

Answer 29

9%

Question 30

What are the benefits of combined hormonal contraception?

Answer 30

Reduces bleeding and period pain | Can hep with premenstrual symptoms

Question 31

What are the risks of combined hormonal contraception?

Answer 31

Small increased risk of VTE/PE Migraine with aura contraindications Small increased risk of breast cancer while on (reduce when stopped)

Question 32

How does the progestogen only pill reduce pregnancy?

Answer 32

Thicken mucus Thins endometrium Inhibits ovulation

Question 33

What is the typical failure rate of the progestogen only pill?

Answer 33

9%

Question 34

What are the benefits of the progestogen only pill?

Answer 34

Safe - can be used by people who smoke and are over 35 years. Can be used by people breastfeeding or who have contraindications to oestrogen.

Question 35

What are the side effects of the progestogen only pill?

Answer 35

Break through bleeding | Amenorrhoea

Question 36

What happens in female sterilisation?

Answer 36

Tubes cut, sealed or blocked.

Question 37

What is the typical failure rate in sterilisation?

Answer 37

Female: 0.5% Male: 0.15%

Question 38

What is the typical failure rate for condoms?

Answer 38

18%

Question 39

What is Gillick competence?

Answer 39

Applies to under 16s and their capacity to consent to their own treatment.

Question 40

What are Fraser guidelines?

Answer 40

Concerned with contraception and criteria healthcare professional must satisfy themselves with.

Question 41

What are the criteria for the Fraser guidelines?

Answer 41

Understand - young person must be able to understand the advice given and have sufficient maturity to understand all implications. Parental involvement - the young person cannot be persuaded to inform his/her parent/carer that advice on contraception has been sought. Sexual activity - the young person is very likely to have sexual intercourse with or without contraceptive advice or treatment. Suffering - the young person's mental or physical health might suffer unless they receive contraceptive advice/treatment Interests - it is in the young persons best interest to receive the advice or treatment even without parental/carer consent.