Sexual Offending

Question 1

what is the Definition of Sexual Assault?

Answer 1

-Non consensual sexual act by M or F
-To either another M or F
-Regardless of relationship
-3 levels&raquo_space; different penalties
Simple assault
With weapon or causing bodily harm
Aggravated

Question 2

give few stats

Answer 2

-Difficult&raquo_space;> Underreported
-Differences in stats and surveys
-2019 only 6% reported
-50/1000 women, 9/1000/men
-541/1000 Bisexual
-94/100 women with a disability
-Sexual offenders have on average 7 victims**
-(time of arrest : 2, once in jail : 184)
-Female victim child molesters have 20 victims
-Male victim child molesters have 150 victims
-98% of perpetrators are male, 2% women (in jail)

Question 3

give one Sexual Assault Myths

Answer 3

Ex: Myth :Sexual assault is often committed by strangers
Truth: 60% of victims know their attacker

Question 4

what are the 3 Classification of Sexual Offenders

Answer 4

Voyeurs:
-Sexual gratification by watching people
-No relationship
-All ages

Exhibitionists:
-Sexual gratification by exposing genitals
-No relationship
-All ages

Rapists:
-Sexual assault
-Over 16 yrs
-Typically know victim
**child molesters vs pedophile

Question 5

what are the 7 Types of Rapists

Answer 5

Anger rapist:
-More force than needed
-Degrade victim
-Anger&raquo_space; F
-Not sexual gratification
-50%

Power rapist:
-Dominance
& control
-Force varies
-Not sex
-Fantasies
-40%
Sadistic:
-Sexual gratification by hurting
-A lot of injury, torture, death
-Violent fantasies
-5%

Opportunistic:
-Impulsive
-Situational factors
-No sexual fantasies of rape

Vindictive:
-Focus is on women
-Similar to anger rapist

Sexual:
-Motivated by sexual fantasies
-Wants to carry out

Pervasively angry:
-Focus is on women & men
-Similar to power rapist

Question 6

what is a Pedophile

Answer 6

-Sexual attraction to children
-Many never sexually assault a child

Question 7

what is a Child Molester

Answer 7

-has sexually assaulted a child
I-ntra-familial : sexually assault biological children or step-children
-Extra-familial : sexually assault children outside their family

Question 8

Describe the different types of child molesters.

Answer 8

Fixated Child molesters:
-Sexually attracted to children
-Begins in adolescence
-Males are targets
-Planned offences
-Emotionally immature, poor social skills, single
-No drug/alcohol abuse
-No remorse
-No stressful event

Regressed Child molesters:
-Sexually attracted to adults
-Begins in adulthood
-Females are targets
-Stress before, feel inadequate
-Impulsive
-Married, marital problems
-Alcohol use
-Likely to report remorse

Question 9

what are the stats for Female sexual offenders

Answer 9

-2%-5% offenders in jail are female
-Rate of re-offending is lower (1.5% vs 13.5 % for men)
-Surveys indicate more prevalent than stats indicate
Ex: 5% of college men said molested, 60% said female did it, many say babysitters
Why?
Caregivers, own children, boys are targets
Types
teacher/lover, Male-coerced, Male-accompanied, pre-disposed (see textbook)

Question 10

THEORIES OF SEXUAL AGGRESSION

Answer 10

Feminist (Sociological perspective)
Sexual assault is built into gender structure of society
Socialization, legal system, patriarchal society
Rape =Power
—————-
Social Learning (Psychological Perspective)
Sexual Offenders learn to rape
Learn pro-rape beliefs & attitudes
Rape=learned
——————-
Evolutionary Rape =sex
Rape to transmit genes

Question 11

what are the 4 preconditions of the Theories of Sexual Aggression ( Finkelhor’s ( 1984))

Answer 11

1. Motivation
   Emotional congruence with children
   emotionally immature
   Blockages preventing adult contact
   lack social skills
   Sexual attraction
   ——————————
2. Overcoming external inhibitions
   Create opportunities
   ———————————
3. Lack of internal inhibitions
   Impulse control problems
   ———————————
4. Overcoming resistance
   Reward or threaten

Question 12

what are the Cognitive/Clinical Model
4 steps in process

Answer 12

Offence
criminal act

DENIAL

Cognitive distortions
I’m not hurting them”

Grooming
how they contact, gain trust, confidence

Planning through fantasy
what will they do?

Question 13

5. Describe the various treatment techniques (CBT) used in therapy with sex offenders.

Answer 13

Offenders
Deniers (70%) vs Admitters
———————–
Main Issues Addressed in therapy (CBT)
Cognitive Distortions
Deviant Sexual Interests
————————
Techniques used
Empathy training
Social skills training
Substance abuse programs
Aversion therapy
Relapse prevention
Modification of deviant sexual interests

Question 14

describe Fantasy Modification (important role in offence cycle)

Answer 14

Aversion therapy
Aversive substance to smell when deviant fantasy
————————–
Masturbatory reconditioning
Just before ejaculation switch to non-deviant fantasy
Satiation
Masturbate to non-deviant fantasy
After switch to deviant&raquo_space; cannot become aroused

Covert Sensitization
Guided fantasy&raquo_space; negative consequences included

Question 15

describe the Multidisciplinary approach

Answer 15

Multidisciplinary approach
Structured group work

Major Components
Describing the Offence
Challenging distorted thinking/ minimizations
Victim Empathy work
Fantasy Modification (Aversion therapy, Masturbatory reconditioning, Satiation, Covert Sensitization)
Social Skills
Relapse Prevention

Question 16

Relapse Prevention

Answer 16

-Self-control program
-Teach offenders to recognize risky situations
-Learn to cope & avoid situation
** p423
**this will be a short answer question on the test

Question 17

What do we know about cbt?

Answer 17

What do we know?
Lack of consensus
Jail doesn’t deter- need for high-risk offenders
Difficult to study
No treatment»higher recidivism rates
12.3% recidivism for treated vs 16.8% untreated
15% after 5 yrs, 20% after 10 (untreated)
CBT more effective
What do we know?
Refusers more likely to offend
Treatment typically reduces re offending in adolescents and adults
More than 25% drop out of treatment
Risk level important to assess