sexuality Flashcards
(55 cards)
sexual citizenship in Canada
early 1900s: homosexuality considered deviant behaviour; indicative of mental pathology
1950s-1960s: the cold war and the fruit machine
1969: consensual sex between 2 men >21 decriminalized
(Pierre Trudeau - no place for the state in the bedroom of the nation)
1980s: AIDS crisis
homosexuality
at one point was seen as a sin
-> even now people will point out that it is wrong
-> for awhile it was considered mentally ill
pluralism= suggesting that there are more than one way and that there is a continuum of being straight or gay
cold war, McCarthyism, and fruit machine
if someone was in the war or military and they were gay/lesbian they were seen as a liability cause they would be captured and sell out secrets i this was found out
the fruit machine
- specific to canada
-derogatory term to men who were gay “what are you a fruit”
-measure heart, rate, pupils etc while showing pornographic images of either two men or two women and see if they how reaction to this
deviant behavior’s that indicated you were gay?
pinky ring on, breasting your books, the left side of the bar sitting down, a white convertible, if you went to play sports with other girls, how you hold your cigarette
ideology behind al this was that homosexuality was “contagious” and we needed to separate the two groups
group think
-people feel privileged
-want to remain in the group
-social phenomenon
-people do not speak out sometimes when in a group dynamic
-bunch of very intelligent people but got a situation very very wrong
dates mentioned
divorce laws changed in 1968
birth control legalized in 1969
1980’s Aids crisis
gay men were the folk devils
–> AIDS was more common in gay men
–> but people went after them
–> related to condom use
-> anal sex is high risk Behaviour, more tearing more risk for infection
sodomy
anal sex
decriminalized in the 90s
was illegal until then
1981: operation soap-Toronto protests and rallies
bathhouses raided and convicted the gay men who were in these places
-no one wanted to take responsibility for doing this
-Canadians were outraged
Canadian universities begin to develop Gay and lesbian studies programs
in the late 1980s
-universities developed these programs
little sisters bookstore- Vancouver wins censorship battle
erotic books/ bookstore
customs stopped the books from going into the town at the airport because of the obscene material and sent it back
the bookstore ultimately won the battle
legalization of same sex marriage
2005
the first few places were Netherlands, Belgium and Spain
Age of consent for sexual activity raised to 16
2008
-the age used to be 14
-Stephan harper changed it to 16 years old
objectivist orientation
structural functionalist
-families are also an institution
-heterosexual, 2 children (ideal family)
-family contributes to socioeconomic stability
-dad works and provides, mom takes care of and feeds kids
-good education
nuclear family model
-love and take care of each other
-anyone who deviates away from this
-even singles etc threaten the stability
-this model is becoming less and less common
- single home
- brother sister
- couple and no children
subjectivist orientation
-the social construction processes and deviance dance
-e.g. prostitution
-critical theories
-symbolic interactionism
-power-reflexive theories
objectivist: structural functionalism theorizing
Talcott Parsons
- family provides a number of functions for society:
-care for children
-socialization of children
-social cohesion-> societal stability
sexuality views from a structural functionalists point
- sexual activity that is limited to marital relationships is most functional for society
- sexual ‘deviants’ are those who do not conform to societal standards (norms) and therefore threaten societal stability (potential anomie)
subjectivist orientation: social construction processes: history, culture and sex
history: who was considered to be a sexual deviant has changed over time
culture: formal and informal social control differences across cultures
sex: impact of cultural changes: diversity in experience
e.g. homosexuality has changed historically, it used to be seen as a mental disease and now it is a sexually healthy expression
sex is not viewed as only for procreation anymore
-> Views on sex have changed
-> suggests structural functionalism
prostitutions
the term now is sex trade workers
the social construction of a social problem
prostitution the focus on the discourses
morality–> public health–> victimization–>worker rights
this is not a linear process
many people still think it is immoral or a sin
prostitution as a moral problem
sinful
- drives men away from their wives - the thought at the time was that sex was only for wives and for making babies
men can’t waste their seed -> can’t have sex for reasons other than having a baby
use of your body for purposes other than serving god–> so god gave you this body it is not yours to sell
social gospel movements: need to cleanse the community- only then can individuals living there find god –> white middle-class protestant movement cleanse the community for when god comes to see it is beautiful
criminal
- 1892 Canada’s criminal code: officers against morality
-infanticide, sodomy, incest, indecency, seduction, corruption of children, prostitution, and providing or procuring an abortion
prostitution: from morality to public health
the gold rush: moving towards tolerance of the sex trade
-prostitution as a necessary evil
-acknowledged the gender imbalance in the Yukon
-practical solutions for men’s natural lust
-tolerance would protect women from sex-hungry throngs
(men have this sexual urge that needs to be repressed so they could become violent and public health says they are protecting against STI’s and women’s safety (from men))
Dawson City Public Health Law introduced
-all prostitutes had to be checked monthly for syphilis
Dawson City was very isolated, there were way more men than women. If the men found gold they would trade it in for money and go to the bar or brothel and get drinks and women
Alberta, Ontario, Saskatchewan
-those charged with prostitution could be tested for STD’s
-government regulation of educational literature e.g. STD’S
harm reduction example
if you cannot target the primary deviance for example (prostitution) you would focus on the secondary ones
e.g. public health focusing on the control of STI’S because prostitution is going to happen no matter what