Shit from slides I should know Flashcards
(82 cards)
1
Q
If you try bute for a lameness and it doesn’t help you may not
A
be able to block it out
2
Q
Neurogenic atrophy
A
Focal of generalized, greater than expected degree of lameness-happens quickly, weeks
3
Q
Disuse atrophy
A
Generalized, happens slower over months, may be accompanied by contracture (foot or joints)
4
Q
Edema
A
Fluid in interstitium
5
Q
Effusion
A
Fluid in cavity
6
Q
Cellulitis
A
More dramatic than edema, usually painful
7
Q
Sweeny
A
Suprascapular n. injury
8
Q
Contracted heels
A
narrowing of foot, taller
9
Q
Flares
A
- Imbalance
- Angular deformity
10
Q
Knocked down hip/tuber coxae position
A
pelvic fracture
11
Q
Tuber coxae prominence
A
muscle atrophy
12
Q
Treading
A
Shifting weight
13
Q
Dropped elbow DDX
A
- Radial n. injury/paralysis
- Olecranon fracture
- Triceps myopathy
- Distal humeral fracture
- Proximal radial fracture
14
Q
Caudal extension of hindlimb
A
Upward fixation of patella
15
Q
Knuckling hindlimb
A
femoral ner paresis/paralysis
-tibial/peronial
16
Q
Straight post leg conformation increased risk of
A
medial femoral chondylar cysts
17
Q
Boney proliferations on palpation are not usually
A
painful
18
Q
Carpal sheath effusion seen
A
lateral to accessory bone
19
Q
Wind puffs
A
Fetlock effusion
20
Q
Hoof test
A
- Toe
- Quarters/nails
- Bars
- Frog
- Heel
21
Q
Semimem and semited palpation important if
A
- horse has PSSM
- hx of tying up
22
Q
No muscle over
A
medial femorotibial joint
-lateral femorotibial joint is under muscle
23
Q
It is important to distinguish tarsal sheath effusion from
A
Effusion of plantar pouch of tarsal joints
24
Q
Can’t usually palpate tarsal sheath
A
unless there is effusino
25
Curb
- Long plantar ligament desmitis
- standardbreds
- sickle hocked horses
26
Gaits
Walk: 4 beat, symmetric, no suspension
Trot: 2 beat diagonal, symmetric suspension
Pace: 2 beat lateral, symmetric suspension
Rack/told/fino: 4 beat lateral (diagonal), variable symmetry, no suspension
27
Plaiting
walking a tight rope
28
Cross fire
Back leg hits front legs
29
In hindlimb lameness, hip excursion is
increased on lame leg
30
In hindlimb lameness, pelvic high
down on sound
31
Crouching
Stifles stay slightly flexed w/ proximal suspensory pain in racehorses
32
Bunny hop at the canter
Usually a stifle problem
33
Lameness grades
1. Hard to see, not consistent
2. Hard to see, may be consistent on circle
3. Consistent at trot
4. Obvious at walk
5. Minimal weightbearing
34
Mechanical/neuro lameness
1. Stringhalt
2. Fibrotic myopathy
3. Shivers
4. Upward fixation of patella
5. Healed ruptured peroneus tertius
6. Cervical facet osteoarthritis
7. Kissing spine
8. Wobblers
9. EPM
10. Suprascapular nerve injury
11. Rabies
12. Polysaccharide storage myopathy
35
Coxofemoral luxations
Head of femur luxates craniodorsal, affected leg appears shorter, hip higher
36
Whirlbone
Trochanteric bursitis
37
Vertebral column
```
Cervical-7
Thoracic-18
Lumbar-6 (5-7)
Sacral-5 fused
Coccygeal-15-21 (18)
```
38
Wobblers common locations
Caudal cervical
C4-C5
C5-C6
C6-C7
39
Hunter's bump
Prominent tuber sacrale
- sacroiliac subluxation/OA
- Back exercises
40
Physeal closure MC/MT III
4 months
41
Physeal closure Distal radius
18-24 months
| -little growth after 1 yr old tho
42
Physeal closure Distal Tibia
17-24 months
43
Ossification of cuboidal bones in
last 2-3 months of gestation
44
Normal foal conformation
carpal valgus and outward rotation
45
Normal weanling conformation (4-5 months old)
Fetlock straight
| Mild carpal valgus and external rotation
46
Normal yearling conformation
straight
47
Surgical Treatment angular deformity
1. Do at less than 3 months only if severe
2. Typically after rapid growth phase is complete
- Metacarpus > 2 mos
- Tibia > 4 mos
- Radius > 6 mos
48
Flexor tendon laxity tx
heel extension
49
Tendon contracture tx
IV Oxytetracycline
50
Distal tendon sheath starts at
distal 2/3 of MC/MT extends to foot
| -encases DDFT, SDFT (+manical flexoria)
51
Most common chip fracture in TB race horses
Dorso-medial/-lateral PI OCF
52
Palmar/Plantar Osteochondral disease leads to
Osteoarthritis
53
For MCIII/MTIII condylar fractures Coaptation is
EXTREMELY IMPORTANT
54
Bucked shins
Dorsal metacarpal disease
| -lameness from dorsal cortex maladaptive remodeling of MCIII
55
Bucked shins predisposes to
dorsal cortical fractures
56
Osteostixis
Cortical drilling, tx for bucked shins
57
Forelimb bears
~60% of weight
58
Most forelimb lameness originates
distal to carpus (95%)
59
Hindlimb bears
35-40% weight
60
Most hind limb lameness originates from
Hock or stifle (80%)
61
Collateral ligament desmitis DIPJ, on a circle the
outside leg is under more stress
62
PIII fracture types
1. wing
2. articular wing
3. axial/sagittal
4. extensor process
5. comminuted
6. solar margin chip
7. solar margin foal
63
If there is a fetlock OCD you should
radiograph all four fetlocks
64
Portable x-ray machines
10-30 mA
| 70-90kVp
65
In radiography, highlighted surfaces are
perpendicular to the beam
66
marker is always
dorsal or lateral
67
7-12 MHz U/S penetrates
| 2-3.5 MHz penetrates
5-7 cm
| 20-30 cm
68
Collagen is strong in
Tension
69
Aggrecan resists
Compressive forces
70
Bad joint things
1. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)
2. Aggrecanases
3. Cytokines
4. Prostaglandins
5. Oxygen derived free radicals
71
TIMP
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases
| -Binds and inactivates MMP
72
Facilitated ankylosis
1. Surgical-drilling
2. Chemical-EtOH, MIA
3. Laser
73
Brand name/drug name steroids
1. Depo-medrol - Methylprednisolone acetate
2. Vetalog - triamcinolone
3. Celestone Soluspan - Betamethasone
4. Predef 2X - Isoflupredone
74
Bisphosphanates act on
Osteoclasts to inhibit bone destruction/remodeling
| -renal injury, bone fx
75
Most common joints affected by OC
1. Tarsus
2. Stifle
3. Fetlocks
76
OC - Tarsus, you are what you will be after
5 months
77
OC - Stifle, you are what you will be after
8-11 months
78
Osteochondrosis
Failure of regression of epiphyseal cartilage
| -leucency/flattening on rads
79
Subchondral bone cysts location
Medial femoral condyle of distal femur
| -width of opening influences prognosis, not depth
80
Most common OC locations in tarsus
1. DIRT
2. LTR
3. MM
81
Most common OC lesions in stifle
LTR
82
Proximal interphalangeal OA shoeing
EASE BREAKOVER
