Shock Flashcards
(14 cards)
What’s News2?
- Scoring system used to asses the severity of a patient’s illness and there risk of deterioration.
- Helps with clinical decision making
- Score based on - temp, pulse, BP, O2 sats level, LOC.
Stages of shock
- Initial stage
- Compensation
- Progressive shock
- Refractory shock
Distributive shock
- Three types - septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic
- Also known as vasodilatory shock.
- Cause inadequate tissue perfusion meaning your body can’t get enough blood to your heart, brain and kidneys.
- Life-threatening condition that happens when your BP drops to a dangerously low level because blood vessels widen (vasodilation) and organs fail.
- Triggers a chain reaction in the body causing widespread inflammation, blood clots and leaky blood vessels.
- Deprives organs of oxygen and nutrients.
Symptoms of distributive shock
Symptoms
- Low BP
- Skin rash
- Fast heart rate and breathing
- Warm arms and legs
- Skin that starts out warm and then turns cold and clammy
- Fever
- Chills
- Pain In abdomen
- Confusion
- Cough
- SOB
- Nausea and vomiting
- Pain when urinating
Septic shock and symptoms
- Type of distributive shock
- Can be caused by bacterial, viral and fungal infections. It can also be caused by noninfectious insults such as traumatic injury.
- Occurs when sepsis (organ injury or damage in response to infection), leads to dangerously low bp.
Symptoms - Low BP
- Confusion, disorientation, agitation, lethargy.
- Cool, clammy, pale, mottled skin, rash.
- High or low body temp, chills, shivering.
- SOB, hyperventilation
- Rapid heart or palpitations
- Diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting.
- Little or no urine output
- Lightheadedness
Anaphylactic shock and symptoms
- Type of distributive shock
- From an allergic reaction or asthma attack.
- Histamines, the substance released during an allergic reaction cause the blood vessels to expand, which causes a dangerous drop in BP.
Symptoms - BP drops
- Airways narrow - DIB
- Selling in the throat, lips, tongue, hands and feet.
- Skin rash appears
- Heart rate increases and may become weak
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain.
- Confusion, lightheadedness, vasovagal.
Neurogenic shock and symptoms
- Type of distributive shock
- From a spinal cord injury that has damaged your nervous system.
- Stroke, blood clots, spinal anaesthesia, medications, brain infections (meningitis).
- Causes blood vessels to stop working properly and BP to drop, HR slows down, temp dysregulation occurs.
Symptoms - Hypotension
- Bradycardia
- Skin warm, flushed, dry to touch.
- Lack of full consciousness, dizziness, fainting
- DIB
- Chest pain
- Nausea, vomiting.
Cardiogenic shock and causes
- Where your heart can’t pump enough blood to meet your body’s needs.
- Unable to pump enough blood and o2 to the body organs and tissues.
- Most often caused by a severe heart attack, heart conditions, internal bleeding, fluid buildup, PE, some medications and chest trauma.
- Can quickly lead to organ failure or brain injury.
Hypovolemic shock and its causes
- Where you’ve lost so much blood or fluid, your body can’t send enough of it to all of your organs.
- Heart is unable to pump enough blood out.
- Can cause organs to stop working.
- Causes: bleeding, GI issues (vomiting, diarrhoea, obstruction), renal losses (diuretic therapy, hyperglycaemia), skin losses (burns, heatstroke), pancreatitis, cirrhosis.
Hypovolemic symptoms
Symptoms
- Cool, clammy, pale skin
- Rapid breathing
- Sweating
- Anxiety, agitation, confusion
- Decreased or no urine output
- Low temp
- Generalised weakness
- Low BP
- Fast pulse
Cardiogenic shock symptoms
Symptoms
- Rapid heartbeat and breathing
- Pale, clammy or blotchy skin
- DIB and SOB
- Mental confusion, LOC, agitation
- Cold hands and feet
- Decreased need urination or none at all
- Chest pain or pressure, cardiac arrest, fever
Three types of distribute shock
Septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic
Obstructive shock
- When blood flow is blocked in the heart or major blow vessels, preventing the body from getting enough oxygen.
- Physical obstruction
Obstructive shock symptoms
- Hypotension
- Tachycardia
- Tachypnea
- Confusion, sleepiness or reduced alertness
- Decreased urine output
- Cool, clammy skin
- Chest or abdomen pain
- Distended neck veins - pneumothorax or tamponade when blood can’t return to the heart.
- Decreased or absent breath sounds.
