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Physiology & Pharmacology > Shock > Flashcards

Flashcards in Shock Deck (15)
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1
Q

What is shock?

A

When the circulatory system fails to carry out one of its essential functions

2
Q

What happens when an organ is impaired so adequate blood flow can’t be achieved?

A

Blood flow to tissues are compromised and without treatment will lead to cellular death, organ failure and death

3
Q

Name some causes of shock?

A

Haemorrhage, myocardial infarction, burns, anaphylaxis shock, infection and spinal injuries

4
Q

What three components contribute to shock?

A

Reduction in circulation, failure of effective pump and lack of blood vessel

5
Q

Name the four different types of shock?

A

Hypovolaemic - haemorrhage
Cardiogenic - myocardial infarction
Vascular - septic shock (infection)
Neurogenic - head injury

6
Q

If arterial blood pressure is too low, what isn’t being formed?

A

Tissue fluid

7
Q

Three important variables effecting blood pressure?

A

Cardiac output, peripheral resistance and blood volume

8
Q

What is the stroke volume?

A

The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle at each contraction

9
Q

What is peripheral resistance?

A

The force created by the friction between blood and the walls of blood vessels

10
Q

When identifying the signs and symptoms of someone in shock, what are the three things?

A

Look, feel and listen

11
Q

Feedback loop of shock (homeostasis)?

A

Receptor: baroreceptors / chemoreceptors
Controller: hormones (ADH) / nervous system (vasomotor centre)
Effector: Smooth muscle / cardiac muscle / intercostal muscles

Responses: vasoconstriction, blood volume increase, HR increase, cardiac output increased, decreased urine output

12
Q

Many systems are involved in trying to compensate for shock. If these fail to restore homeostasis, what happens?

A

Multiple organ system failure

13
Q

In hypovolaemic shock, thirst will be stimulated by?

A

Angiotensin II

14
Q

Reduced urine output in shock is due to?

A

Increased activity if the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone

15
Q

Cardiogenic shock is best described by?

A

The inability of the heart to act as an adequate pump