Shock And Woulnd Management?

Question 1

What happens to the metabolism during cellular hypoxia?

Answer 1

Change to anaerobic metabolism and increased lactate levels

Question 2

What 4 things does perfusion depend on?

Answer 2

1. The vascular system
2. Air exchange
3. Fluid volume
4. Pump

Question 3

What are 7 classic signs and symptoms of compensated shock?

Answer 3

1. 15-25% blood volume loss
2. Weakness
3. Pallor
4. Tachycardia
5. Narrowed pulse pressure
6. Thirst
7. Delayed cap refill

Question 4

What are 4 classic signs and symptoms of decompensated shock?

Answer 4

1. 30-45% blood loss
2. Hypotension- first sign of late shock
3. Weak or no peripheral pulses
4. Prolonged capillary refill

Question 5

What are the 4 types of shock?

Answer 5

1. Hypovolemic shock
2. Distributive shock
3. Obstructive shock
4. Cardiogenic shock

Question 6

What causes vasoconstriction?

Answer 6

Catecholamines

Question 7

4 Clinical presentations of low volume/ absolute hypovolemia?

Answer 7

1. Thready pulse
2. Tachycardia
3. Pale
4. Flat neck veins

Question 8

What is relative hypovolemia?

Answer 8

An interruption of the sympathetic system causing a loss of normal vasoconstriction, vascular space. Becomes too large

Question 9

What is neurogenic shock?

Answer 9

Typical after a spina cord injury causing an inhibition of catecholamines from the adrenals

Question 10

What are 4 signs and symptoms of neurogenic shock?

Answer 10

1. Hypotension
2. Heart rate normal or slow
3. Skin PWD
4. Diaphragmatic breathing

Question 11

What is mechanical shock?

Answer 11

Blood flow obstruction to or from the heart, causes slow venous return an decrease cardiac output

Question 12

What are 5 clinical signs of mechanical shock?

Answer 12

1. JVD
2. Cyanosis
3. Pallor
4. Tachycardia
5. Diapphoresis

Question 13

What is cardiogenic shock?

Answer 13

A reduction of pump strength in a part of the heart

Question 14

What are 2 things that cause cardiogenic shock?

Answer 14

1. Cardiac contusion
2. Myocardial infarction

Question 15

Basic rules of shock management? CABC

Answer 15

C- control bleeding where possible
A- maintain airway
B- maintain oxygenation and ventilation
C-maintain circulation
Adequate heart rate and intramuscular volume

Question 16

What is TXA?

Answer 16

Tranexamic acid, a medicine that controls bleeding, stabilizes fibrin clot after trauma

Question 17

What is REBOA?

Answer 17

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of aorta