Short Answer Questions Flashcards
(33 cards)
Describe the Sternberg Search Paradigm
Method:
1. P’s viewed a string of letters for a few sec. (ex: PQR) & asked if letter “P” was in the string.
2. P’s response (yes/no) reaction time (RT) measured
2a. Avg. RT=10msec/letter
Results:
RT increases w/ string length, slope steep for “yes” & “no”
Define serial search (Sternberg Search Paradigm)
letter by letter search
- string length matters
- longer string=longer RT
Describe exhaustive search (Sternberg Search Paradigm)
keep searching until end of string even if letter is found
- RT would be 30msec to find “P” in PQR
- Slope steep for both “yes” & “no”
What search process is used in STM search?
serial, exhaustive search
Describe the Sensory Register
stores information coming from the environment through the sense organs→ info goes to STM→ info consolidated to LTM
Describe the Sperling experiment (Sensory Register)
Method:
1. P’s presented w/ 3x3 matrix of letters, instructed to recall after the 50msec presentation
1a. total recall paradigm: as many as you can, ususally 3-4
1b. Partial report paradigm: P’s signaled w/ varying tone to recall only a single row; almost 100% reporting accuracy
Results:
in partial report paradigm, the accuracy decreased if tone was delayed for more than 500msec (visual material)
What is the trace duration in the Sensory Register (Sperling experiment)?
500msec for visual material & 2sec for verbal material
Define d’
statistic in signal detection theory that represents the difference between the mean of the noise distribution & the mean of the signal distribution
What does a higher d’ indicate?
the signal can be more readily detected
The hippocamus plays an important role in…(3)
- encoding contexual info about the environment
- learning implicit spatial context info
- binding
Describe empirical evidence for the hippocampus’ role in binding.
Method:
P’s (control & amnesiac) asked to locate the rotated “T” among rotated “L” distractors (implicit memory task)
Results:
1. Control P’s show repetition facilitation (improvement over time) even w/o conscious recognition of repeated arrays
2. Amnesiacs show no repetition facilitation b/c they can’t bind “T” to the context
3. All P’s show practice-related reduction in RT
Define Proactive Interference
process by which earlier information interferes with the recall of latter information
Describe the Underwood Interference experiment
Method:
P’s given 2 lists of words (list A &B) to study & memorize & asked to recall either list A or B
Results:
1. Recall list A paradigm: P’s recalled list A & some words from list B: retroactive interference
2. Recall list B paradigm: P’s recalled list B & some words from list A came up: proactive interference
Define Source Monitoring
set of processes involved in making attributions about origins of memory, knowledge, & beliefs
Describe the results of the Source Monitoring generation task
- Opposite pairs (hot/cold) are easier to generate
1a. More likely to falsely remember that you did not generate it - Category pairs (color/blue) are harder to generate
What effect does Source Monitoring account for?
post-event misinformation effect
What type of memory does priming measure?
implicit & Explicit memory
Which task associated with priming is used to test explicit memory?
cued-recall
ex: “what word from the list began with GAR__?”
Note: GAR is the beginning of a word in the presented list
Which task associated with priming is used to test implicit memory?
stem-completion
ex: “what is the first word that comes to mind and begins with GAR__?”
Note: there is no reference to the presented list
Define the Serial Position Curve
items at the beginning & end of one list are better recalled then the ones in the middle
Describe the Keppel & Underwood experiment (Serial Position Curve)
Method:
P’s given long list of words & asked to remember as many as possible
Results:
P’s are more likely to remember items from beginning (primacy effect) & end (recency effect) of list
Define the primacy effect (Serial Position Curve)
- you are more likely to remember words from the beginning of a list
- attributed to additional rehearsal of items earlier in the list (LTM)
Describe the recency effect (Serial Position Curve)
- you are more likely to remember words from the end of a list
- attributed to retention of words in STM
Describe the Think/No-Think paradigm
Method:
1. train P’s on 40 unrelated word pairs (ex: ordeal/roach) & cue P w/ 1st item
2. Think: recall & say response item
3. No-Think: (suppression) do not think about response item
4. Final test: give cue & recall response
Results:
no-think (suppression) had lower % recall across repetitions
