Short Questions

Question 1

What is cork?

Answer 1

Cork is a substance which comes from the bark of a tree.

Question 2

Define cell?

Answer 2

A cell is capable of independent existence and can carry out all the functions which are necessary for a living being.

Question 3

Who discovered nucleus in the cell?

Answer 3

Robert Brown discovered nucleus in the cell.

Question 4

What is the fundamental unit of life?

Answer 4

The cell is the fundamental unit of life.

Question 5

Where and who discovered free living cells?

Answer 5

Leeuwenhoek discovered the free living cells in pond water.

Question 6

What do you mean by osmosis?

Answer 6

The movement of water molecules through such a selectively permeable membrane is called osmosis.

Question 7

Name the autonomous organelles in the cell?

Answer 7

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are the autonomous organelles in the cells.

Question 8

Name the two cells which keep changing their shapes?

Answer 8

Amoeba and white blood cells are the two which keep changing their shapes.

Question 9

What is diffusion?

Answer 9

When substances like carbon di oxide and oxygen can move across the cell membrane that is known as diffusion.

Question 10

Name the smallest and longest cell in the human body?

Answer 10

The smallest cell is red blood cell and the longest cell is nerve cell in the human body

Question 11

What is active transport?

Answer 11

The movement of molecules across a membrane in the cells against a concentration gradient with the help of ATP is called active transport.

Question 12

Why nucleus is called the brain of the cell?

Answer 12

Nucleus is called the brain of the cell as it controls most of the activities of the cell because it contains DNA which contains all the information of the
cell. The nucleus plays a central role in cellular reproduction.

Question 13

Name three basic component of a typical eukaryotic cell. Name the non- living component in a plant cell.

Answer 13

Plasma membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm are the basic component of typical eukaryotic cell. Cell wall is the non-living component.

Question 14

Briefly describe the structure of ER.

Answer 14

The ER is a large network of membrane-bound tubes and sheets. It looks like long tubules or round or oblong bags.There are two types of ERRough endoplasmic reticulum [RER] and smooth endoplasmic reticulum [SER].

Question 15

Name the smallest and longest cell in the human body.

Answer 15

Smallest cell- RBC
Longest cell- nerve cell

Question 16

When a cell placed in a solution and it swells up. Name the kind of solution which is responsible for it?

Answer 16

The name of the solution is hypotonic solution & when water enters the cell through endosmosis, it causing the cell to swell up.

Question 17

Give the advantage of multicellularity over unicellularity?

Answer 17

Division of labor is one of the major advantages of multicellularity over unicellularity.

Question 18

List the functions of cytoplasm.

Answer 18

Its main function is to hold together the organelles which make up the cytoplasm. It also nourishes the cell by supplying it with salts and sugars and
provides a medium for metabolic reactions to occur.

Question 19

Name the membrane covering vacuole. List any function of vacuole.

Answer 19

Tonoplast. The vacuole plays an important role in digestion and excretion of cellular waste and storage of water and organic and inorganic
substances

Question 20

Will osmosis occur in boiled potato?

Answer 20

Osmosis occurs only in living cells hence it will not happen in boiled potato.

Question 21

Where are chromosomes located in a cell? How are they important to us?

Answer 21

Chromosomes are located in the nucleus. They carry hereditary information in the form of genes for structural and functional traits.

Question 22

Give one function of RER and SER.

Answer 22

RER helps in protein synthesis.
SER helps in lipid synthesis.

Question 23

) What will happen if the cellular organization is destroyed due to some physical or chemical means?

Answer 23

If organization is destroyed, the cell will not be able to perform many of its function. Which will cause cell death.

Question 24

Mention any two functions of nucleus.

Answer 24

The two functions of nucleus are:
i. nucleus is the control center of cell. Helps in transmission of hereditary characters.
ii. nucleus is responsible for cell reproduction.

Question 25

Why are lysosomes called ‘suicidal bags of the cell’?

Answer 25

If the cell gets damaged then the lysosomes may burst and release some digestives enzymes. The Released enzymes digest their own cell and ultimately the cell dies.

Question 26

Why do plant cells possess large sized vacuole?

Answer 26

Plant cells possess large sized vacuoles for storing important substances like nutrients and water. They store waste materials in them too. Vacuoles
also maintain turgidity of the cell as they contain cell sap.

Question 27

Define plasmolysis. What will happen to a plasmolysed cell if it is kept in hypotonic solution?

Answer 27

The phenomenon of the loss of water from a plant cell by osmosis when a cell is kept in a hypertonic solution so that the cytoplasm shrinks away
from the cell wall is called plasmolysis.
If a plasmolysed cell is kept in hypotonic solution the cell will revert to their normal condition. This is called de-plasmolysis.

Question 28

Why mitochondria is called ‘power house of the cell’?

Answer 28

Mitochondria contains enzymes, for catalyzing biochemical reactions involved in respiration. Energy is produced in the process, hence it is called
powerhouse of the cell.

Question 29

Briefly describe the structure of Golgi apparatus.

Answer 29

Golgi apparatus consists of membrane bound vesicles arranged in stacks called cisterns. Often they have connections with membranes of ER.

Question 30

What is cell division? Give the types of cell division.

Answer 30

Cell division is a process of formation of two or more daughter cells of its own type from the mother cell.
Cell division is of three types:
i. amitosis
ii. mitosis
iii. meiosis