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BIOL*3650 - AT > Shoulder > Flashcards

Shoulder Flashcards

(38 cards)

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1
Q

Joints involved in the shoulder

A
  • Glenohumeral (GH)
  • Acromioclavicular (AC)
  • Sternoclavocular (SC)
  • Scapulothoracic (ST)
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2
Q

Injuries to what structure are critical and can restrict breathing

A

injuries to sternum

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3
Q

ligaments in the shoulder

A
  • Coracoacromial ligament
  • Acromioclavicular ligament
  • Coracoclavicular ligament
  • Glenohumeral ligaments (joint capsule)
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4
Q

Which shoulder ligaments hold the clavicle down

A

Coracoacromial and Coracoclavicular

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5
Q

which shoulder ligament is mostly commonly injured, name the injury

A

Acromioclavicular
- Split shoulder

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6
Q

Characteristics of GH joint

A
  • Ball and socket joint
  • greatest mobility, least stability (glenoid fossa is shallow and concave)
  • no bony constraints to motion
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7
Q

What structures give the GH joint stability

A
  • Glenoid labrum
  • joint capsule (protective covering)
  • Rotator cuff muscles
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8
Q

Labral injury characteristics

A
  • tears in labrum cause instabiltiy
  • slap or banchart lesion
  • surgery not always required
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9
Q

List rotator cuff muscles

A
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
  • Subscapularis (anterior_
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10
Q

Actions of rotator cuff muscles

A
  • abduction and external rotation of GH joint
  • Subscapularis –> only muscle that internally rotates in rotator cuff
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11
Q

Subacromial bursa symptoms

A

pain when arm is abducted ~60 degrees
- humerous can’t “drop”

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12
Q

Shoulder movement restrictions

A
  • joint capsule has inherent level of laxity
  • Stabilizes when muscles tighten at end of ROM –> Flexion, extension, internal and external rotation, horizontal abduction and adduction
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13
Q

When does the shoulder have greater ROM in shoulder abduction

A

When shoulder is externally rotated vs. internally rotated

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14
Q

MOI of AC joint sprain/separated shoulder

A
  • Direct blow to lateral aspect shoulder
  • downward blow to acromion
  • Fall on an out-stretched arm (FOOSH)
  • joint composed of 2 convex bony surfaces
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15
Q

S&S of first degree AC joint sprain

A
  • stretch or partial damage in Ac ligaments
  • no displacement
  • pain with cross body flexion and abduction past 90 degrees
  • local tenderness
  • recovery –> 10-14 days
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16
Q

S&S of second degree AC joint sprain

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Rupture of AC ligaments
  • Clavicle shift slightly superior (“step”)
  • pain with compression of distal clavicle and passive horizontal adduction
  • Recovery –> 3-6 weeks
17
Q

S&S of third degree AC joint sprain

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Rupture of AC and CC ligaments
  • very painful
  • minimum recovery –> 8-16 weeks
18
Q

Clinical tests for functional evaluation of AC joint sprains

Study These Flashcards
A

Push ups and cross flexion

19
Q

What occurs during a shoulder dislocation

Study These Flashcards
A

head of humerus is no longer in the socket and remains out of place

20
Q

What type of dislocation is more common, what is the MOI

Study These Flashcards
A

Anterior dislocations
- excessive force moving abducting, external rotating and extending shoulder
- Vulnerable in apprehension position
- Humeral head lodges anterior-inferior to glenoid fossa
- can be recurrent

21
Q

Damaged structure in shoulder dislocation

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Significant ligament and capsule damage/rupture
  • possible labrum damage (SLAP lesion)
22
Q

S&S of anterior shoulder dislocations

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Pain
  • Tingling and numbness of arm
  • notable and obvious deformity (sharp contour, loss of “roundness”, prominent acromion)
  • very limited arm movement
  • Athlete supporting an elbow on the affected side
23
Q

MOI of posterior GH dislocations

Study These Flashcards
A
  • fall or blow to anterior shoulder
  • forces humeral head posteriorly
24
Q

S&S of posterior GH dislocations

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Pain
  • Prominent coracoid process
  • Anterior shoulder looks flat
  • Bulge posteriorly
  • Arm carried against torso
25
Dislocation management
- immobilize joint in position found - support arm with pillow or towels, apply sling, maybe ice - check distal pulse (vascular bundle compressed) - transport to ER (but don't always need ambulance)
26
why is the GH joint unstable
very mobile, sacrifices stability
27
levels of GH join instability
- Acute (immediate) - long term (chronic) - Recurrent (repeated)
28
what device can be used to support GH joint
sully shoulder brace (common in sports)
29
consequences of shoulder instability
- Subluxation (joint goes in and out on its own) - dead arm syndrome (result of subluxation tingling, C4,5,6 issue) - Dislocation, instability (surgery) - impingement syndrome - Tendonitis - Labral tear
30
Exercise considerations
- avoid excessive shoulder ROM (horizontal abduction, flexion, apprehension position, DB chest flys) - Focus on rotator cuff strength and endurance (teres minor, strategic strengthening - pull muscles, low/mid trap fibers) - AT/PT/MD clearance for stretching execising
31
Name of Bursitis in shoulder
- Subacromial bursa (Hawkin's test, point tenderness in subacromial space)
32
Types of Tendonitis in shoudler
- Rotator cuff tendonitis ( empty can/"Jobe" test --> supraspinatus) - Bicep tendonitis (speed's test, pain/tenderness over bicipital groove, increased pain in stretching, active supination and elbow flexion)
33
Risk of prolonged tendonitis in shoulder
degenerative tearing (drop arm test)
34
MOI - GH tendonitis and bursitis
- repetitive overuse and overhead activities --> irritation/impingement of structures in subacromial space (abduction reduces size) - Weak scapular stabilizers, rotator cuff (GH decelerators) and postural tightness in subscapularis - compression or elevation within joint - possible inflamed, impinged subacromial bursa - X-ray may be required to rule out bone spur
35
S&S of GH tendonitis and bursitis
- pain with activity - referred pain to deltoid tuberosity - impingement positive test - weakness at 90 degree abduction and external rotation - "painful arc" --> 60-120 degree abduction pain - hard to sleep on affected side
36
Location of scapular plane
- plane where scapula lies - 40 degrees from frontal plane in the anterior direction
37
affect of abduction and corrective exercises in scapular plane
abduction --> reduces impingement of subacromial space corrective exercises --> address muscule imbalances (important for recovery)
38
What is Scapulo-thoracic rhythm
- how scapula travels along rib cage - position and movement impacted by muscle control - traditional rotator cuff exercises don't emphasize scapular plane instead long lever and neutral

BIOL*3650 - AT (9 decks)

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