Shoulder

Question 1

which ligament resists elevation and protraction at the AC joint?

Answer 1

conoid ligament

Question 2

which ligament provides AC joint compression?

Answer 2

trapezoid ligament

Question 3

which ligament covers the entire AC joint capsule and reinforces its superior aspect?

Answer 3

acromioclavicular ligament

Question 4

during clavicle elevation, ______ ligaments develop tension that results in ____ rotation of the clavicle and resist upward rotated forces of the scapular

Answer 4

costoclavicular ligaments (trapezoid & conoid)
posterior

Question 5

what motions do the costoclavicular ligament complex resist?

Answer 5

excessive superior, anterior, and posterior movement of the medial end of the clavicle

Question 6

what ligament provides restraint to inferior forces on the medial end of the clavicle?

Answer 6

interclavicular ligament

Question 7

main purpose of the costoclavicular ligament

Answer 7

create fulcrum for 1st rib and clavicle to allow the scapula to fully upwardly rotate due to clavicular elevation

Question 8

which motion is occurring with an inferior glide of the SC joint?

Answer 8

elevation

Question 9

convex/concave rule at the SC joint

Answer 9

elevation/depression - vex on cave
horizontal abd/add - cave on vex

Question 10

spinal level?
superior border of scapula
inferior border of scapula
spine of scapula

Answer 10

superior - T2
inferior - T7
spine - T3

Question 11

the ST joint is angled _____ deg from the coronal plane

Answer 11

30-45 deg

Question 12

at rest, the scapula is _______ rotated 10-20 deg and tips ______ 10-20 deg

Answer 12

upwardly
anterior

Question 13

GHJ flexion, IR, horizontal adduction arthrokinematics

Answer 13

posterior glide**
anterior roll

Question 14

GHJ extension, ER, & horizontal abduction arthrokinematics

Answer 14

anterior glide**
posterior roll

Question 15

GHJ abduction arthrokinematics

Answer 15

inferior glide
superior roll

Question 16

GHJ adduction arthrokinematics

Answer 16

superior glide
inferior roll

Question 17

which part of the GHJ capsule is the weakest?

Answer 17

anterior

Question 18

open pack position of GHJ

Answer 18

55 deg abduction
30 deg horizontal adduction
(scaption)

Question 19

open pack position for AC and SC joints

Answer 19

arm resting at side

Question 20

closed pack position for GHJ

Answer 20

90 abduction
full ER

Question 21

closed pack position for AC joint

Answer 21

90 deg abduction

Question 22

closed pack position for SC joint

Answer 22

full shoulder elevation

Question 23

capsular pattern of GHJ

Answer 23

ER, abduction (flexion), IR

Question 24

where should the scapula be positioned during full GH elevation?

Answer 24

midaxillary line

Question 25

the humerus needs to do what in order to clear the greater tuberosity of the acromion during elevation?

Answer 25

ER 35-45 deg

Question 26

during the initial ______ of humeral elevation, no scapular movement occurs

Answer 26

20-30 deg

Question 27

60 deg of ST upward rotation occurs during humeral elevation which includes _____ at the SC joint and ______ at the AC joint

Answer 27

25 deg SC elevation 35 deg AC posterior (upward) rotation

Question 28

which directions are the force of the deltoid on the humerus?

Answer 28

upward and outward

Question 29

the superior directed force of the deltoid is counteracted by what?

Answer 29

inferior and medial directed force of infraspinatus

Question 30

what muscle provides a compressive force at GHJ?

Answer 30

supraspinatus (approximating role)

Question 31

describe the force couple between the deltoid and the rotator cuff

Answer 31

deltoid is offset by the horizontal force of the rotator cuff as they act in opposite directions on either side of the center of rotation

Question 32

upper fibers of SA action vs lower

Answer 32

upper - protraction at 90 deg lower - upward rotation at 120-135 deg

Question 33

what are the 4 crucial functions in the shoulder?

Answer 33

1. maintain glenoid surface for optimal positioning of humerus 2. length-tension relationship for deltoid 3. prevent RC impingement 4. stable scapular base for scapulohumeral muscles

Question 34

which muscles does posterior tipping of the scapula and can be exercised with a lift off?

Answer 34

posterior trap

Question 35

which force couple creates inferior dynamic stability and the concavity-compression mechanism?

Answer 35

subscapularis, infraspinatus, and teres minor (compress humeral head into glenoid fossa)

Question 36

subscapularis, infraspinatus, and teres minor are most active in ____ range

Answer 36

mid

Question 37

if you observe a pt that has an anterior glide of the humerus, what is suspected?

Answer 37

dominant posterior cuff (subscap - IR) ex: supraspinatus tear

Question 38

the SA works in combination with the ____ & _____ to produce upward rotation of the scapula

Answer 38

upper & lower traps

Question 39

what is a better position to exercise ERs and upward rotators for stability?

Answer 39

overhead

Question 40

what should be done before strengthening?

Answer 40

activation

Question 41

a shoulder shrug is a compensation by the ____ for _____

Answer 41

deltoid for the RC