Shoulder

Question 1

What is the pectoral girdle?

Answer 1

The bony ring of clavicle, acromion and scapula

And the acromioclavicular joint

Question 2

Name the muscles in the anterior shoulder/top arm/ peck region

Answer 2

Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
Deltoid
Triceps brachii
Biceps brachii
Brachialis 
Pectoralis major 
Serratus anterior

Question 3

Name the muscles in the posterior region of the shoulder/ back

Answer 3

Trapezius
Infraspinatus
Deltoid
Teres minor 
Teres major
Triceps lateral 
Triceps long
Latissimus dorsi

Question 4

Describe the pectoral girdle

What are it’s properties and how does this affect its function

Answer 4

Doesn’t go all the way around posteriorly
Not attached to the vertebral column
Attached by muscles

Very flexible and movable

Question 5

What are the deltoids?

Answer 5

Muscles in your shoulder that makes it look round

Question 6

Which joint joins the arm to the axial skeleton?

Answer 6

Sternoclavicular

Question 7

Where does the humerus articulate at the shoulder joint?

Answer 7

The glenoid fossa in the scapula

Question 8

What is the function of the acromion?

Answer 8

Keeps the arm away from the thorax

Freedom of movement

Question 9

Describe the shape of the clavicle, and it’s function

Answer 9

S shaped

Increases resilience

Question 10

What does the clavicle protect?

Answer 10

Brachial plexus
Major underlying vessels (axillary artery and vein)
Apex of lung

Question 11

Describe the shape of the scapula, what is its location?

Answer 11

Triangular flat home
Posterolateral aspect of the thorax
2nd-7th ribs

Spine ridge posteriorly separates the supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa

Question 12

What is the ‘point of the shoulder’

Answer 12

Acromion

Question 13

What do the rhomboid muscles do?

Answer 13

Retraction muscles of back
Pulls shoulder back to the vertebrae
Medial to the scapula

Question 14

What do the levator scapulae muscles do?

Answer 14

Attaches to the top of the scapula and lifts it

Question 15

Describe the anterior osteology of the scapula

Answer 15

Acromion
Coracoid process
Glenoid cavity
Subscapular fossa

Question 16

Describe the posterior osteology of the scapula

Answer 16

Supraspinous fossa
Coracoid process
Acromion
Neck of the scapula
Infraspinous fossa

Question 17

Describe the lateral osteology of the scapula

Answer 17

Acromioclavicular joint
Coracoid process
Glenoid cavity
Lateral border

Question 18

Which muscle elevates the scapula?

Answer 18

Trapezius (descending)

Question 19

Which muscle depresses the scapula?

Answer 19

None

Just gravity

Question 20

Which muscle protracts the scapula?

Answer 20

Serratus anterior

Pectoralis minor

Question 21

Which muscle causes upward rotation of the scapula?

Answer 21

Trapezius (descending)
Serratus anterior (inferior)

Question 22

Which muscle causes downward rotation of the scapula?

Answer 22

Lattisimus dorsi

Question 23

Name the different structures around the glenohumeral joint

Answer 23

Subacromial bursa
Acromion
Clavicle
Articular cartilage
Glenoid labrum 
Fibrous capsule 
Synovial membrane
Long head of the biceps tendon

Question 24

Name the ligaments around the glenohumeral joint

Answer 24

Acromioclavicular ligament
Coracoclavicular
Coracoacromial
Transverse humeral ligament

Question 25

What movements does the shoulder do?

Answer 25

Flexion - extension Abduction - adduction Medial - lateral rotation Circumspection (combo of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction)

Question 26

What are flexors?

Answer 26

Muscles anteriorly that bring the arm into flexion

Question 27

What muscles act to flex the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 27

Chief flexors: Pectoralis major (clavicular part) Deltoid (anterior part)

Question 28

Which muscles act to stabilise the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 28

Anterior: Coracobrachialis Biceps brachii Posterior: Teres major Long head of the triceps brachii

Question 29

Which muscles act to extend the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 29

Latissimus dorsi | Deltoid (posterior fibres)

Question 30

Which muscles act to abduct the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 30

Deltoid (all parts especially the Central fibres) - posterior, central and anterior Deltoid can’t start abduction as they are too lateral, Supraspinatus starts the first 10 degrees of abduction Supraspinatus and deltoid: 10 degrees to 110 degrees Deltoid only: 110 degrees to 180 degrees

Question 31

What are the names of the 4 rotator cuff muscles

Answer 31

Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis

Question 32

Where do the 4 rotator cuff muscles attach?

Answer 32

Attach to the greater tuberosity Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Attach to the lesser tuberosity Subscapularis

Question 33

Which muscles are the chief adductors of the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 33

Pectoralis major Lattisimus dorsi (Gravity is the prime mover)

Question 34

Chief medial rotator

Answer 34

Subscapularis

Question 35

Chief lateral rotator

Answer 35

Infraspinatus

Question 36

What does the sensory axillary nerve innervate?

Answer 36

Regimental badge

Question 37

What happens at an 180 degree shoulder abduction?

Answer 37

120 degrees at the glenohumeral joint 60 degrees at the scapulothoracic joint 2:1 ratio

Question 38

Where does the humerus articulate with the scapula?

Answer 38

Glenoid cavity of the scapula That is lined with glenoid labrum (fibrocartilage) The fibrous joint capsule is loose and baggy

Question 39

What movements occur at the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 39

Flexion-extension Abduction-adduction Medial and lateral rotation Circumduction (combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction)

Question 40

Why is there a large freedom of movement at the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 40

Laxity of the articular capsule | Large humeral head compared to shallow/small glenoid cavity