Shoulder and Elbow Clinical Flashcards
(36 cards)
What muscles attach to the greater tuberosity of the humerus?
- Supraspinatous
- Infraspinatous
- Teres minor
How is the head of the humerus rotated?
Retroverted 30 degrees
What muscle attaches to the lesser tuberosity of the humerus?
Subscapularis
What are the function of the clavicle?
- Strut to support the shoulder
- Protects the brachial plexus and vessels
- Attachment for muscles
What muscles attach to the clavicle?
- Trapezius
- Deltoid
- Pectoralis major
- Subclavius
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Sternohyoid
Name the ligaments of the clavicle.
- Acromico-clavicular ligament
- Coraco-acromical ligament
- Coraco-clavicular ligament
What is the role of the inferior glenohumeral ligament?
Primary static constraint abduction>45
What is the role of the middle glenohumeral ligament?
Mid range with subscapularis, minor role in assisting IGHL
What is the labrum?
- Fibrocartilage
- It elevates the glenoid edge
- Doubles the glenoid depth and increases the surface area
- Acts as a chock block limiting glenohumeral translation
Where is the axillary nerve at most risk?
Surgical neck of the humerus
How can the axillary nerve be injured/
- Shoulder dislocation
- Fracture of surgical neck of the humerus
What does axillary nerve damage lead to?
- Weakness of deltoid
- Sensory loss in badge area
What is the role of the rotator cuff muscles?
- Blend with the capsule to protect and give stability
- Hold the head of the humerus against the glenoid cavity during shoulder movements
What can rotator cuff tear injure?
- Brachial plexus
- Axillary nerve
- Subscapular nerve
- Musculocutaneous nerve
- Humeral circumflex artery
What do the rotator cuff muscles integrate the motion of?
- Sternoclavicular joint
- Acromioclavicular joint
- Glenohumeral joint
- Scapulothoracic articulation
What contributes to the adduction of the shoulder?
- 0 to 30 degrees elevation greater motion at glenohumeral joint -Last 60 degrees of elevation there is equal contribution of glenohumeral and scapulothoracic articulation
- Overall 2:1 ratio between glenohumeral and scapulothoracic
What muscles are involved in flexion of the shoulder?
- Pectoralis major
- Coracobrachialis
- Biceps
- Deltoid (anterior)
What muscles are involved in extension of the shoulder?
- Teres major
- Latissmus dorsi
- Deltoid (posterior)
What muscles are involved in abduction of the shoulder?
- Deltoid (middle)
- Supraspinatous
What muscles are involved in adduction of the shoulder?
- Pectoralis major
- Latissimus dorsi
What muscles are involved in medial rotation of the shoulder?
- Teres major
- Subscapularis
What muscle are involved in lateral rotation of the shoulder?
- Teres minor
- Infraspinatous
What bones are involved in the elbow joint?
- Humerus
- Ulna
- Radius
What are the 2 articulations of the elbow joint?
- Humeroulnar
- Humeroradial
