Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Orthopaedics > Shoulder and elbow disorders > Flashcards

Shoulder and elbow disorders Flashcards

(81 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

common causes of shoulder pain 4

A

subacromial impingement

rotator cuff tears

dislocation

arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define subacromial impingement

A

the first stage of rotator cuff (RC) disease

most common cause of shoulder pain

inflammation of subacromial bursa due to abutment between greater tuberosuty:
- RC
-acromiom
-coraco-aromial ligament
-acromioclavicular joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what can subacromial impingement involve 5

A

RC

acromion

RC

coraco-acromial ligament

acromioclavicular joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

state the rotator cuff muscles 4

A

Subscapularis.
Infraspinatus.
Teres minor.
Supraspinatus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what condiitons are associated with subacromial impingement 3

A

hook shaped acromion

greater tuberosity fracture malunion

shoulder instability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

presentation of subacromial impingement 3

A

insidous onset shoulder pain

exacerbated by overhead activities

±night pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

physical exam findings in subacromial impingement 3

A

painful arc test [67]

neer impingement sign [68]
-pain on passive forward flexion >90˚

hawkins test [69]
-Pain on passive forward flexion to 90˚ and internal rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

radiograph signs in subacromial impingement 3

A

type 3 hooked acromion

ACJ osteoarthitis

sclerosis/cystic changes in greater tuberosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

non-operative treatment of subacromial impingement 3

A

physiotherapy

NSAIDs

subacromial corticosteroid injection
-1st line and mainstay of treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

operative treatment for subacromial impingement 2

A

arthroscopic subacromial decompression

acromioplasty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

risk factors for rotator cuff tears 4

A

age (grey hair=rotator cuff tear)

smoking

hypercholesterolemia

thyroid disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

types of rotator cuff tears 2

A

chronic degenerative tear

acute traumatic avulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

size of rotator cuff tears 4

A

small 0-1cm

medium 1-3cm

large 3-5cm

massive- 2 or more tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

syx of rotator cuff tears 4

A

pain
- acute or insidous onset
-in deltoid region
-worse with overhead activities
-±night pain

weakness
-loss of active ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

for each specific rotator cuff tear muscle state the special test:
-supraspinatous

A

Jobe’s test= empty can test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

for each specific rotator cuff tear muscle state the special test
infraspinatous

A

external rotation lag
-patient wont be able to maintain external rotation position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

for each specific rotator cuff tear muscle state the special test
teres minor

A

hornblower sign
-can only bring hands to mouth if elbow is in high position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

for each specific rotator cuff tear muscle state the special test
subscapularis

A

lift-off test

belly-press test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

imaging for rotator cuff tear 2

A

ultrasound scanning

MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

non-operative treatment for rotator cuff tear 3

A

physio

NSAIds

subacromial steroid injfection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

operative treatment for rotator cuff tear and indication for each 4

A

rotator cuff repair
-young, fit

rotator cuff debridement
-elderly
-irreparable tear

tendon transfer
-young, fit
-irreparable tear

reevrse total shoulder arthroplasty
-if massive RC tear with advanced arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

classifcatino for shoulder dislocation 3

A

> 95%-anterior (subcoracoid)
and or anterior inferiorn (subglenoid)

4%- posterior

1%-inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

why is shoulder dislocation the most common dislocation

A

head of humerus larger than shallow glenoid fossa
-this causes higher incidence of shoulder dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is shoulder dislocation usually from

A

result of trauma
eg falling on outstreched arm, rugby tackle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
cause of posterior shoulder dislocation
seizure or electric shock
26
clinical features of shoulder dislocation 4
severe shoulder pain inability to move shoulder empty glenoid foass -palpable dent may be present at the point where the head of the humerus is supposed to lie arm is typically held in external rotation and slight abduction
27
complications of shoulder dislocation 5
damage to axillary nerve injury to brachail plexus, axillary artery/vein avulsion fracture of greater or lesser tuberosities recurrent shoulder instability (common in <30yo) rotator cuff injruy- common in >45
28
how does a damaged axillary nerve in a shoulder dislocation present
numbness over lateral surface of shoulder and loss of function of deltoid muscle
29
shoulder dislocation imaging
XR MRI -indicated to assess soft tissue damage
30
emergency managemeent of shoulder dislocation 2
immobilisation of joint with sling entonox analgesia
31
conservative mangaeemnt of shoulder dislocation 1
closed reduction
32
surgical management of shoulder dislocation1
reduction of humeral head and reapir of labrum
33
indications for surgical managemetn of shoulder dislocation 4
unsuccessful closed reduction displaced bankart lesion recurrent shoulder dislocations young and active individuals may require early surgery to prevent recurrent dislocation in the future
34
define bankart lesion- related to shoulder dislocation
injury of anterior inferior lip of glenoid labrum due to traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation
35
define shoulder osteoarthritis
glenohumeral degenerative jiont disease characterised by damage to articular surfaces of humeral head and/or glenoid
36
types of shoulder osteoarthritis 2
primary osteoarthitis secondary arthitis
37
causes of secondary shoulder osteoarthritis 4
post-traumatic (fracture or dislocation) inflammatory/crystalline arthritis (RA, gout) osteonecrosis (AVN) rotator cuff arthropathy -massive RC tear leading to arthritis
38
syx of shoulder osteoarthritis 3
shoulder pain loss of range of motion -esp external roation due to anterior capsule contraction pain at night
39
findings on physical exam of shoulder osteoarthritis 2
decreaed ROM crepitus
40
findings on radiograph in shoulder osteoarthritis 5
joint space narrowing subchondral sclerosis subchondral cysts osteophytes circumferentially at humeral head ('goats beard') posterior glenoid wear (just LOSS + post glenoid wear)
41
non-operative treatment for shoulder osteoarthritis 3
NSAIDs physio steroid injfection
42
operative treatment for shoulder osteoarthritis 1
shoulder replacement
43
common causes of elbow pain 5
OA RA tennis elbow golfers elbow olecranon bursitis
44
types of elbow osteoarthitis 2
primary post-traumatic
45
syx of elbow osteoarthitis 4
progressive painful movement loss of terminal extension painful locking catching elbow
46
examination of elbow osteoarthitis 1
reduced RA
47
radiographs of elbow osteoarthitis 4
LOSS
48
management of elbow osteoarthitis 3
non-operative -usual three operative -debridement - removal of osteophytes and capsular release -arthroplasty
49
syx of elbow RA 2
pain and loss of moiton (hand and wrist invoement usually precedes elbow )
50
examaination findings of elbow RA 2
fixed flecion deformity ligamentous incompetence
51
radiograph findings of elbow RA 2
periarticular erosions cystic changes
52
treatment for elbow RA
same as OA
53
define tennis elbow
overue injury at origin of common extensor tendon leading to tendinosis and inflammation
54
what muscle is overused in tennis elbow
extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)
55
syx of tennis elbow 2
pain with gripping pain with resisted wrist extension
56
examamination findings in tennis elbow 2
point tenderness at ECRB origin (lateral epicondyle) test -resisted extension of long finger exacerbates pain
57
radiographs in tennis elbow
usually normal or -calcification at extensor origin
58
non-operative treatment for tennis elbow 3
usual three effective in 95% but patience is required
59
operatiev treatment of tennis elbow 1
release and debridement of ECRB origin
60
definition of golfers elbow
overuse of flexor-pronator origin (medial epicondylitis) -less common than tennis elbow
61
presenation of golfers elbow 2
pain w gripping pain with resited wrist flexion
62
examination of golfers elbow 2
point tenderness just distal to medial epicondyle test -pain w resisted forearm pronation and wrist flexsion
63
radiogrpahs of golfers elbow
usually normal. or calcification at flexor origin
64
when should MRI be used in goflers elbow
rule out UCK (ulnar collateral ligament) -injury in overhead throwers
65
differential diagnosis for golfers elbow
torn ulnar collateral ligament
66
non-operative treatment for golfers elbow
usual 3 + BRACING -effective in 95% -patience required
67
operative treatment for golfers elbow 2
debridement reattachement of flexor-pronator origin
68
operative treatment for golfers elbow 2
debridement reattachement of flexor-pronator origin
69
causes of olecranon bursitis 5
trauma prolonged pressure infection RA gout
70
presentation of olecranon bursitis 6
swelling pain redness warmth if infective: -fever -malaise
71
Ix for olecranon bursitis 3
FBC uric acid levels CRP
72
radiograph findings in olecranon bursitis 2
radio-opaque foreign bodies olecranon spur
73
gold standard for diagnosis of infective olecranon bursitis
aseptic needle aspiration of bursa urgent gram stain, culture and sensitivity
74
treatment of non-infective olecranon bursitis 4
ICE elevation NSAIDs treat the cause eg gout, RA
75
treatment for infective olecranon bursitis 1
after aspiration start broad-spec ABx oral or IV depeding on severity of infection
76
treatment for recurrent bursitis
once infection settled -interval bursectomy can be considered
77
define cubital tunnel syndrome
compression of ulnar nerve as it passes through the cubital tunnel
78
clinical features of cubital tunnel syndrome 4
tingling and numbness of the 4th anf 5th fingers -starts intermittent and then becomes constant over time ptx can develop weakness and muscle wasting pain worse on leaning on affected elbow Hx of OA or prior trauma in area
79
Ix for cubital tunnel syndrome 2
dx usually clinical selected cases- nerve condution studies
80
Mx of cubital tunnel syndrome 4
avoid aggravating activity physio steroid injfection surgey in resistant cases
81
causes of `cubital tunnel syndrome 3
arthritis elbow fractues sustained postures

Orthopaedics (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions