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Biomechanics I > Shoulder arthrology - exam 3 > Flashcards

Shoulder arthrology - exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

describe sternoclavicular (SC) joint

A

clavicle on scapula
basilar joint of UE - links axial/appendicular skeleton
allows large ROM
irregular saddle shape
convex on concave

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2
Q

describe acromioclavicular (AC) joint

A

attaches scapula to clavicle

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3
Q

describe the scapulothoracic joint

A

not true joint
interface between bones
movements linked to movements at SC and AC
position of scapula provides base for GH joint

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4
Q

describe the glenohumeral (GH) joint

A

most distal and mobile portion of the whole complex

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5
Q

t/f
weakened, painful, or unstable link in the shoulder complex decreases the effectiveness of the entire UE

A

true

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6
Q

elevation of the shoulder has a (superior/inferior) slide

A

superior

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7
Q

depression of the shoulder has a (superior/inferior) slide

A

inferior

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8
Q

protraction of the shoulder results in what movement of the scapula in regards to medial border

A

medial border slides anterior/lateral

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9
Q

retraction of the shoulder results in what movement of the scapula in regards to medial border

A

medial border moves posterior/medial

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10
Q

upward rotation of shoulder results in what movement of the scapula in regards to inferior angle

A

inferior angle rotates

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11
Q

downward rotation of the shoulder results in what movement of the scapula in regards to the inferior angle

A

inferior angle moves in superior-lateral direction

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12
Q

downward rotation of the shoulder results in what movement of the glenoid fossa

A

glenoid fossa rotates inferior-medial direction

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13
Q

the longitudinal diameters of the sternoclavicular joint extend into what plane

A

frontal plane between superior/inferior points of articular surfaces

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14
Q

the transverse diameters of the sternoclavicular joint extends into what plane

A

horizontal plane between anterior/posterior points of articular surfaces

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15
Q

what are the periarticular tissues of the SC joint

A

anterior SC ligament
posterior SC ligament
interclavicle ligament
articular disc
SCM, sternothyroid, sternohyoid, subclavius muscles

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16
Q

how many degrees of freedom does the SC joint have

A

3 - sagittal, frontal, horizontal

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17
Q

what are the kinematic functions of the SC joint

A

elevates/depresses
protracts/retracts
rotates

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18
Q

what is the goal of the SC joint

A

place scapula in optimal position for head of humerus

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19
Q

clavicle rotates in all __ degrees of freedom with UE elevation

A

3

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20
Q

where is the axis of the SC joint

A

near anterior-posterior

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21
Q

how many degrees of elevation does the SC joint have

A

35-45

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22
Q

describe the arthrokinematics of clavicle elevation

A

convex surface rolls superiorly and slides inferiorly

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23
Q

what is the function of the CC ligament in the SC joint

A

stretches during clavicle elevation and limits motion

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24
Q

describe the arthrokinematics of clavicle depression

A

convex surface rolls inferiorly and slides superiorly

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25
what is the function of the interclavicular ligament and superior portion of capsule
limits movement with clavicle depression
26
what plane does clavicular protraction/retraction occur
horizontal plane
27
where is the axis of motion for clavicular protraction/retraction
vertical
28
where does the arthrokinematics of scapular protraction/retraction occur
SC joint's transverse diameter
29
describe the arthrokinematics of retraction at the SC joint
concave surface of clavicle rolls and slides posteriorly on convex surface of sternum
30
what is the function of the CC ligament and anterior capsule during clavicular retraction
stretches and resists excessive movement
31
describe the arthrokinematics of clavicular protraction
occurs in anterior direction
32
what is the function of CC ligament and posterior capsule during clavicular protraction
stretches to limit excessive movement
33
where is the axis during rotation of the clavicle
longitudinal
34
describe the arthrokinematics of rotation of the clavicle
spin of sternal end relative to lateral surface of the articular disc
35
t/f axial rotation of the clavicle is linked with overall kinematics of flexion and abduction
true
36
where is the acromioclavicular joint located
lateral end of clavicle and acromion of scapula
37
what are the AC joint periarticular tissues
superior and inferior AC ligaments coracoclavicular ligaments trapezoid ligament and conoid ligament
38
describe the kinematics of the AC joint
motion between scapula and lateral clavicle 3 degrees of freedom upward/downward rotation
39
describe upward rotation of scapula in regards to AC joint
swings upward and outward up to 30 degrees contributes significantly to scapulothroacic motion
40
describe downward rotation of scapular at the AC joint
return to anatomical position frontal plane depicted
41
describe rotational adjustment motions at the AC joint
pivoting/twisting type motions of the scapula around lateral end of clavicle aligns the scapula against the throax
42
describe rotational adjustment motions of the AC joint in the horizontal plane
vertical axis medial border moves away
43
describe the rotational adjustment motions of the AC joint in the sagittal plane
medial-lateral axis inferior angle pivots away or reverse (anterior or posterior tilting)
44
describe the motion of protraction at the AC joint
AC joint internally rotates in horizontal plane helps align anterior surface of scapula with thorax curved surface
45
(anterior/posterior) tilting occurs with elevation
anterior tilting
46
describe the motion of scapular protraction/retraction of the scapula
summation of horizontal motions at SC and AC protracting clavicle around SC joint, SC varies amount of internal rotation
47
scapulothoracic upward rotation is a summation of...
elevation at SC joint and upward rotation at AC joint
48
describe the glenohumeral joint general features
large convex head on shallow concavity
49
how is the humeral head positioned in the GH joint
medially, superiorly, posteriorly
50
describe the fibrous capsule of the GH joint
rim of glenoid fossa to anatomical neck loose fitting thin and expandable allows mobility, reinforcement by external ligaments
51
in anatomical position, inferior portion of capsule is (slackened/taut) and is called ___
slackened axillary pouch
52
what lines the inner wall of the GH joint
synovial membrane
53
the head of the humerus and glenoid fossa is lined with ___ cartilage
articular
54
potential volume of space in the GH joint is _x the size of humeral head
2
55
what is the primary stabilizers in the GH joint
passive tension with embedded ligaments active forces produced by local muscles (rotator cuff) LBB crosses superiorly overhead of humerus
56
superior GH capsular ligaments resist
external rotation, inferior and anterior translations
57
what is the function of the middle GH capsular ligaments
stabilizes most motions main anterior restraint slack in internal rotation
58
what is the function of inferior bands in GH capsule
3 portions taut in 90 degree abductoin supports and suspended humeral head resists inferior and anterior post lateral translations
59
describe the coracohumeral ligament
attaches at coracoid process and greater tubercle blends with superior capsule and supraspinatus tendon taut in anatomical position restraints inferior translation and external rotation of humeral head
60
location of the subscapularis muscle in regard to the capusle
anterior to capsule
61
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor location in regards to the capsule
superior and posterior
62
what is the rotator (cuff) interval
common site for dislocation reinforced by LHB coracohumeral ligament and superior/mid capsular ligs
63
where are the 2 regions of vulnerability in the rotator cuff
inferior and supraspinatus/subscapularis
64
where does the intrascapular tendon cross the humeral head
intertubercle groove on anterior humerus
65
what is the function of the long head of biceps tendon
restricts anterior translation of humeral head force generated through tendon across dome of humeral head resists anterior translation
66
what are the tissues the reinforce/deepen GH joint
joint capsule/GH capsular ligs coracohumeral ligament rotator cuff muscles LHB glenoid labrum
67
describe the coracoacromial arch
formed by the coracoacromial ligament and acromion process roof of GH joint
68
what does the coracoacromial arch contain
supraspinatus muscle and ligament subacromial bursa LHB superior capsule
69
what is the subacromial bursa
direct extension of the synovial membrane of the GH joint
70
what is the purpose of bursa sacs where can they be located
situated where significant frictional forces develop between tendons, capsule, bone, muscle, ligament, 2 adjacent muscles
71
what are the bursa that are superior to the humeral head and what are their functions
subacromial bursa - protests SS from acromial bone subdeltoid bursa - limits friction forces between deltoid and SS tendon/humeral head
72
what plane is humeral adduction/abduction motion what is the axis
frontal A-P axis
73
what is the slide/glide of humeral adduction/abduction
superior roll with inferior slide
74
describe adhesive capsulitis
excessive thickening or stiffness in ICL limits inferior slide of humeral head superior roll leads to jamming of humeral head against coracoacromial arch only 22 degrees before this without any slide
75
describe impingement syndrome
unnatural and repeated compression/abrasion may damage SS tendon, subacromical bursa, LHB tendon, or superior parts of the capsule over time repeated compression may lead to this syndrome
76
what plane is shoulder flexion what is the axis
sagittal plane ML
77
how many degrees is GH flexion
120
78
how many degrees of active and passive occurs in extension
65 degrees active, 80 degrees passive
79
describe scapular and capsule ligaments movements that occur during extension
slight anterior tilt of scapula stretch capsular ligament
80
describe internal and external rotation of the shoulder
axial rotation of the humerus horizontal plane longitudinal axis runs through the shaft
81
describe the arthrokinematics of external rotation
rolls posteriorly, slides anteriorly
82
describe the arthrokinematics of internal rotation
rolls anteriorly, slides posteriorly
83
what is the overall kinematics of shoulder abduction
motion not as specific joint but whole complex ideal is optimal kinematic sequencing and/or coupling across joints impairment in one part impacts the rest
84
what is the relationship of GH abduction and ST upward rotation
ratio of 2:1 every 3 degrees of abduction, 2 degrees at GH joint/1 at ST upward rotation
85
how many degrees does the SC elevate during the 180
30 degrees
86
the 60 degrees of scapula is a result of
simultaneous elevation of the clavicle at SC joint and upward rotation of the scapula at the AC joint
87
the clavicle retracts at the __ joint during full abduction
SC
88
Mhm
Mhm
89
the clavicle does more in what plane
frontal plan
90
how does the scapula tilt as full abduction occurs
scapula tilts posteriorly and slightly rotates outward
91
how is the scapula positioned at rest
anterior tilt 10 degrees internally rotated 30-40 degrees
92
the posterior tiltand external rotation of the scapula during abduction helps by
keeps the scapula flush with throax orients the fossa moves the coracoacromial arch away from the advancing humeral head
93
how many degrees does the clavicle rotate during full abduction
20-35 degrees
94
what motion is the most predominant of the clavicle
abduction
95
those with subacrominal impingement showed reduced ___
rotation
96
what motion of the humerus naturally occurs during abduction
external rotation
97
what is the significance of natural external rotation with shoulder abduction
allows for the greater tubercle on the humerus to pass posterior to the acromion

Biomechanics I (4 decks)

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