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Biomechanics I > Shoulder - muscle and joint interaction - exam 3 > Flashcards

Shoulder - muscle and joint interaction - exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the innervation of the SC joint

A

C3-C4 via cerviatl plexus

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2
Q

what is the innervation of the GH and AC joints

A

C5-6 via the suprascapular and axillary nerves

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3
Q

what nerves branch from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

A

axillary
subscapular
throacodorsal

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4
Q

what nerves are considered the proximal segments of the bracial plexus

A

dorsal scapular
long thoracic
pectoral
suprascapular

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5
Q

what nerve supplies the deltoid and teres minor

A

axillary

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6
Q

what are the nerve roots of the axillary nerve

A

C5-6

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7
Q

what nerve supplies the latissimus dorsi

A

thoracodorsal

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8
Q

what are the nerve roots of the thoracodorsal nerve

A

C6-8

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9
Q

what nerve supplies the upper portion of the subscapularis

A

upper subscapular

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10
Q

what nerve supplies the lower subscapularis and the teres major

A

lower subscapular nerve

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11
Q

what are the nerve roots of the subscapular nerve

A

C5-6

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12
Q

what nerve supplies the pectoralis major

A

lateral pectoral

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13
Q

what nerve supplies the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor

A

medial pectoral

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14
Q

what are the nerve roots for the pectoral nerve

A

C5-T1

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15
Q

what nerve supplies the supraspinatous and infraspinatus

A

suprascapular

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16
Q

what are the nerve roots for the suprascapular nerve

A

C5-6

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17
Q

what nerve supplies the subclavius

A

subclavian

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18
Q

what nerve supplies the rhomboids and levator scapula

A

dorsal scapular

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19
Q

what are the nerve roots of the dorsal scapular nerve

A

C5

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20
Q

what nerve supplies the serratus anterior

A

long throacic

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21
Q

what are the nerve roots of the long thoracic nerve

A

C5-7

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22
Q

describe proximal stabilizers

A

originate on spine/ribs/cranium
insert on scapula or clavicle

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23
Q

describe distal mobilizers

A

originate on scapula/clavicle
insert on humerus/forearm

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24
Q

what muscles are elevators at the ST joint

A

upper trap
levator scapulae
rhomboids

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25
Q

what muscles are depressors at the ST joint

A

lower trap
latissimus dorsi
pec minor
subclacius

26
Q

what muscles are protractors at the ST joint

A

serratus anterior

27
Q

what muscles are retractors at the ST joint

A

middle trap
rhomboids
lower trap

28
Q

what muscles are upward rotators at the ST joint

A

serratus anterior
upper/lower trap

29
Q

what muscles are downward rotators at the ST joint

A

rhomboids
pec minor

30
Q

if the upper trap, levator scapulae, and rhomboid lost their endurance/strength, what would happen to the scapula?

A

scapula depressed, protracted, and excessively downwardly rotated scapula

31
Q

t/f
depression can raise the thorax if the arm is physically blocked or if the scapula is stabilized/fixed

A

true

32
Q

motions at the ST joint occur because of motions at…

A

SC and AC joints

33
Q

the clavicle elevates or rolls and slides opposite at what joint

A

SC

34
Q

what are the muscles that elevate the humerus at the GH joint

A

anterior/middle deltoid
supraspinatus
coracobrachialis
biceps bracii

35
Q

if the deltoid is paralysed, can the supraspinatus still abduct the arm?

A

yes
slide 20 lecture 10

36
Q

at 90 degrees abduction, humeral head stretches ____ ligament which acts like a hammock supporting the head of the humerus

A

ICL/axillary pouch

37
Q

active contraction pulls the capsule (tight/loose) to prevent it from being pinched between humeral head/acromion

A

tight

38
Q

upward rotators of the ST joint is essential for what motion of the UE

A

elevation

39
Q

what muscles are responsible for the upward drive and rotational adjustments of the scapula when elevating the UE

A

Serratus anterior
upper and lower trap

40
Q

what muscle has the best leverage for UE upward rotation of the UE

A

Serratus anterior

41
Q

what muscles posteriorly tilt the scapula relative to the axis of rotation at the AC joint

A

serratus anterior and lower trap

42
Q

what muscles work to externally rotate the scapula relative to the axis of motion at he AC joint

A

serratus anterior and middle trap

43
Q

what are signs/symptoms that indicate weak traps

A

with full abd, t spine extends 10-15 degrees

elevation can happen with difficulty getting high

excessive protraction

44
Q

an injury of the long thoracic nerve can result in..

A

paralysis fo the right serratus anterior

45
Q

what signs/symptoms indicate weakness of the serratus anterior

A

downwardly rotated position

scapula is anteriorly tilted and internally rotated

46
Q

describe scapular dyskinesis

A

any abnormal position/movement of the scapula

47
Q

what signs indicate scapular dyskinesis

A

reduced upward rotation

excessive downward rotation, internal rotation, anterior tilt/elevation

48
Q

what are the 3 categories of scapular dyskinesis

A

type 1 - inferomedial border
type 2 - entire medial border
type 3 - superomedial border

48
Q

what are the 3 categories of scapular dyskinesis

A

type 1 - inferomedial border
type 2 - entire medial border
type 3 - superomedial border

48
Q

what are the 3 categories of scapular dyskinesis

A

type 1 - inferomedial border
type 2 - entire medial border
type 3 - superomedial border

49
Q

what is the purpose of the rotator cuff muscles

A

control dynamic stability and arthrokinematics of the GH joint

50
Q

what is the function of the supraspinatus during GH abduction

A

rolls the humeral head superiorly and toward abduction and compresses joint

51
Q

what muscles translate the humeral head downward to counteract superior translation

A

subscapularis
infraspinatus
teres minor

52
Q

during abduction of the GH joint, the internal moment arm is used by what 2 muscles

A

deltoid and supraspinatus

53
Q

what 2 muscles externally rotate humerus to increase clearance of greater tubercle and acromion

A

infraspinatus and teres minor

54
Q

how does the supraspinatus control the arthrokinematics of the GH joint during abduction

A

drives superior roll of humeral head

compresses humeral head against glenoid fossa

creates spacer above humeral head to restrict superior translation of humerus

55
Q

how does the infraspinatus/teres minor/subscapularis control the arthrokinematics of the GH joint during abduction

A

exert a depression force on humeral head

teres minor and infraspinatus externally rotate humerus

56
Q

what muscles adduct and extend shoulder

A

posterior deltoid
latissimus dorsi
teres major
long head of triceps brachii
pec major
infraspinatus
teres minor

57
Q

what muscles stabilize the scapula during shoulder adduction and extension

A

rhomboids

58
Q

what muscles internally rotate the shoulder

A

subscapularis
pec major
latissimus dorsi
teres major
anterior delt

59
Q

what muscles externally rotate the shoulder

A

infraspinatus
teres minor
posterior delt

60
Q

t/f
external rotation requires the scapula to be stable

A

true

Biomechanics I (4 decks)

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