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shoulder complex Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Shoulder movements involve motion of ___ joints of the shoulder complex.

A

ALL

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2
Q

What bones make up the shoulder complex?

A
  • scapula
  • humerus
  • clavicle
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3
Q

What are the joints of the shoulder complex?

A
  • GH joint
  • AC joint
  • sternoclavicular joint
  • scapulothoracic joint
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4
Q

What structures provide passive stability to the shoulder complex?

A

ligaments and joint capsules

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5
Q

What structures provide active stability to the shoulder complex?

A

muscles and tension

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6
Q

(true/false) proper mobility of the T-spine, CT junction, and ribs 1-3 are NOT crucial for normal shoulder movement to occur.

A

false

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7
Q

The humeral head is angles (anteriorly/posteriorly) by ___-___ degrees.

A

posteriorly, 30-40

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8
Q

The glenoid fossa only covers __-__ of the humeral head surface area.

A

1/3 to 1/4

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9
Q

The glenoid fossa becomes ___% deeper with the labrum

A

50%

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10
Q

The fibers of the long head of the biceps tendon attach to the ___ aspect of the labrum.

A

superior

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11
Q

What are strong anterior stabilizers of the shoulder? What do they do?

A

GH ligaments… prevents anterior displacement of Humeral head

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12
Q

What motions are the GH ligaments taut in?

A

ER

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13
Q

What does the superior GH ligament do?

A

provides passive stability w/ arm by side in ADD

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14
Q

What does the middle GH ligament do?

A

Provides passive stability w/ shoulder in combined FLX and ER

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15
Q

What does the inferior GH ligament do?

A

prevents anterior and posterior dislocations of the humeral head

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16
Q

What is the primary stabilizing ligament for overhead athletes?

A

inferior GH ligament

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17
Q

The anterior band of the GH ligament is the primary stabilizer (taut) at ___ degrees of ABD

A

45

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18
Q

The posterior band of the GH ligament is the primary stabilizer (taut) at ___ degrees of ABD

A

90

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19
Q

The coracohumeral ligament blends with the _____.

A

subscapularis muscle on the lesser tuberosity

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20
Q

What does the coracohumeral ligament do?

A

Helps restrain excessive FLX and EXT of the shoulder

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21
Q

What ligament forms the tunnel for the long head of biceps tendon?

A

coracohumeral ligament

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22
Q

What ligament is called “the roof of the shoulder?”

A

coracoacromial ligament

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23
Q

What does the coracoacromial ligament do?

A

helps stabilize the AC joint and prevents AC joint separation

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24
Q

Where does the supraspinatus tendon most commonly gets pinched?

A

coracoacromial ligament

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25
definition: the space between the coracoacromial ligament and humeral head
supra-humeral space
26
What structures pass through the supra-humeral space?
- long head of biceps tendon - Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis tendons - subdeltoid and subacromial bursae
27
The supra-humeral space is roughly ___ mm in height when the arm is ADD by the side.
10 mm
28
The supra-humeral space (increases/decreases) during arm elevation.
decreases (narrowest between 60-120 degrees of ELEV)
29
The supra-humeral space (increases/decreases) during arm elevation with IR.
decreases
30
The supra-humeral space (increases/decreases/maintains itself) during arm elevation with ER.
maintains itself
31
There are ___ bursae in the shoulder complex
12
32
What is the largest bursa?
subdeltoid bursa
33
Describe the arthrokinematics of GH ABD.
HH rolls superiorly and glides inferiorly
34
Describe the arthrokinematics of GH ADD
HH rolls inferiorly and glides superiorly
35
Describe the arthrokinematics of GH FLX/EXT
HH spins in the glenoid fossa
36
Describe the arthrokinematics of GH IR
HH rolls anteriorly and glides posteriorly
37
Describe the arthrokinematics of GH ER
HH rolls posteriorly and glides anteriorly
38
Describe the arthrokinematics of GH Horizontal ABD
HH rolls anteromedially and glides posterolaterally
39
Describe the arthrokinematics of GH Horizontal ADD
HH rolls posterolaterally and glides anteromedially
40
What is the open packed position of the GH joint?
55 degrees ABD 30 degrees Horiz. ADD in scapular plane
41
What is the closed packed position of the GH joint?
full humeral ADD and ER
42
Pure motion occurring at the GH joint is assessed ____ with the scapula stabilized.
passively
43
definition: resist the superiorly directed force of the deltoid during ELEV.
RTC muscles
44
What is the most common RTC muscle to be injured?
supraspinatus
45
Insertion of the supraspinatus
Superior facet of greater tuberosity
46
INNV of supraspinatus
suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)
47
Action of supraspinatus
ABD compression of HH into the glenoid during AROM
48
What RTC muscle most commonly has hypertonicity?
infraspinatus
49
Insertion of infraspinatus
middle facet of greater tuberosity
50
INNV of infraspinatus
suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)
51
Action of infraspinatus
ER compression of HH during AROM
52
Origin of teres minor
lateral border of scapula
53
insertion of teres minor
inferior facet of greater tuberosity
54
INNV of teres minor
axillary nerve (C5-C6)
55
Action of teres minor
ER compression of HH during AROM
56
Insertion of subscapularis
lesser tuberosity
57
INNV of subscapularis
subscapular nerve (C5-C6)
58
action of subscapularis
IR compression of HH in AROM
59
Internal rotators of the shoulder produce ___x as much force as external rotators
2x
60
Weakness in ___ muscles is a hallmark sign of a RTC pathology in clinical prediction rules.
external rotator
61
The deltoid creates a ___ force on the HH during shoulder ELEV.
superior
62
If a person is lacking RTC strength or motor control, the HH will translate ___ and can pinch structures in the supra-humeral space.
superiorly
63
Opposing forces of the trapezius and serratus anterior muscles allow for ____.
scapular UR
64
What muscles perform shoulder ABD from 90-180 degrees?
serratus anterior, trapezius
65
What muscles perform shoulder flexion from 0-90 degrees?
anterior deltoid coracobrachialis pec major
66
What muscles perform shoulder FLX from 90-180 degrees?
serratus anterior and trapezius
67
origin of deltoid
clavicle acromion spine of scapula
68
insertion of deltoid
deltoid tuberosity
69
INNV of deltoid
Axillary nerve
70
Action of deltoid
ABD superior translation of HH
71
Action of the anterior deltoid
IR and ABD
72
Action of the posterior deltoid
ER and ABD
73
origin of long head of biceps
supraglenoid tubercle
74
insertion of long head of biceps
radial tuberosity
75
INNV of long head of biceps
musculocutaneous nerve
76
Action of long head of biceps
FLX and SUP
77
what is a common source of anterior shoulder pain?
long head of biceps
78
What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi?
SP of T7-T12 thoracolumbar fascia ribs 9-12 iliac crest inferior scapular angle
79
insertion of the latissimus dorsi
floor of bicipital groove
80
INNV of latissimus dorsi
thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)
81
action of latissimus dorsi
EXT ADD IR Assists: Scapular DEP scapular RET downward ROT
82
The latissimus dorsi can limit shoulder ___,___ and ___ if it is tight.
FLX, ER, ABD
83
origin of teres major
inferior 1/3 of lateral border of scapula
84
insertion of teres major
medial lip of bicipital groove
85
INNV of teres major
lower subscapular nerve (C5-C6)
86
action of teres major
EXT ADD IR
87
What muscle tips the scapula anteriorly if it is tightened?
teres major
88
Origin of pec minor
coracoid process of scapula
89
insertion of pec minor
anterior surface of ribs 3-5
90
INNV of pec minor
Medial pectoral nerve (C6-C8)
91
Action of pec minor
Stabilizes scapular by drawing it anteroinferiorly against the thoracic wall
92
If the pec minor is tight, it can limit end-range shoulder ____.
ELEV
93
origin of serratus anterior
ribs 1-8
94
insertion of serratus anterior
medial border of scapula
95
INNV of serratus anterior
long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
96
action of serratus anterior
scapular PROT stabilizes scapular during upward ROT
97
origin of trapezius
superior nuchal line EOP ligamentum nuchae cervical vertebrae SP of T1-T12 supraspinous ligaments (c-spine and T-spine)
98
insertion of trapezius
lateral 1/3 of posterior clavicle medial acromion spine of scapula
99
INNV of trapezius
spinal accessory nerve
100
action of trapezius
ELEV
101
INNV of levator scapulae
dorsal scapular nerve (C3-C5)
102
action of levator scapulae
EXT ipsilateral ROT Control of Scapular upward ROT during shoulder ELEV
103
origin of rhomboid major
T2-T5 SP
104
insertion of rhomboid major
medial border of scapula
105
INNV of rhomboid major/minor
dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)
106
action of rhomboid major/minor
Scapular RET
107
origin of rhomboid minor
C7-T1 SP
108

Musculoskeletal (23 decks)

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