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shoulder problems Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

what shoulder problems are common in 20-30 yrs

A
  • instability
  • tendonitis
  • bursitis
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2
Q

what shoulder problems are associated with 30-40 yrs

A
  • calcific tendonitis

- tendinosis

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3
Q

what shoulder problems are associated with 40s-50s

A
  • tendinosis

- frozen shoulder

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4
Q

what shoulder problems are associated with 50s-60s

A

cuff tear

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5
Q

what shoulder problems are associated with over 60s

A

arthritis

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6
Q

what are the muscles of the rotator cuff

A
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
  • subscapularis
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7
Q

which type of shoulder dislocation is most common

A

anterior dislocation

-caused by sport

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8
Q

where can you see shoulder dislocations in the hospital

A
  • acute in trauma clinic

- chronic in shoulder clinic

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9
Q

presentation of shoulder dislocation

A
  • abnormal shoulder contour
  • muscle wasting
  • tenderness
  • muscle spasm
  • good ROM
  • scapular winging
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10
Q

tests for shoulder dislocation

A
  • RC strength
  • apprehension
  • relocation
  • general laxity
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11
Q

treatment for anterior shoulder disclocation

A
  • analgesia IV
  • O2
  • sedation IV
  • reduction by manipulation
  • kocher method
  • hippocratic method
  • stimson method
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12
Q

post reduction treatment for dislocations

A
  • 2-3 weeks swing
  • analgesia
  • gradual early mobilisation
  • physio
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13
Q

investigations for shoulder instability

A
  • radiographs

- MRI arthrogram

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14
Q

other associated injuries for instability

A
  • labral lesion
  • fracture humeral head (Hill Sachs)
  • fracture of glenoid (Bony Bankart)
  • rotator cuff tear
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15
Q

instability treatment

A

PHYSIO
RC and core strengthening
scapula stabilising
arthroscopic stabilisation

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16
Q

instability rehab

A
  • 6 week sling
  • 8-10 weeks no driving
  • 12 weeks no heavy lifting
  • 12 weeks to return to non contact sports
  • 6 months to return to contact sport
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17
Q

what is impingement syndrome

A

-pain originating from the sub-acromial space

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18
Q

diagnosis of impingement syndrome for under 30s

A
  • RC tendonitis

- subacromial bursitis

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19
Q

cause of impingement syndrome in 30-40s

A
  • calcific tendonitis

- early tendonitis

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20
Q

cause sof impingement syndrome in 40-50s

A
  • tendinosis

- partial tears

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21
Q

cause of impingement syndrome in 50-60s

22
Q

cause of impingement syndrome in 70s

Study These Flashcards
A

cuff arthropathy

23
Q

presentation of impingement syndrome

Study These Flashcards
A
  • wasting of muscles
  • tenderness bursa
  • tender ACP
  • painful arc
24
Q

investigations of impingement syndrome

Study These Flashcards
A
  • radiographs
  • USS
  • MRI
25
treatment for impingement syndrome
- rest - pain relief - physio - corticosteroid injections in subacromial space
26
presentation of cuff tear
- age 50-60s - acute traumatic or chronic attrition - weakness - pain - wasting of muscles - tenderness in subdeltoid region - RC muscles weak
27
cuff tear investigations
- radiographs | - USS
28
cuff tear treatment
- rest - analgesia - sling - arthroscopic or open repair of RC
29
chronic cuff tear treatment
- physio | - steroid injections
30
acute cuff tear treatment
- urgent investigation - early physio - early reassessment - early intervention
31
presentation of frozen shoulder
- 40s - 50s - more females - can be bilateral - gradual severe pain - assoc with diabetes, lipid and endocrine disease and dupuytren's - pain at rest - pain at night - anterior pain - stiffness
32
pathology of frozen shoulder
- contracture and thickening of coraco-humeral ligament, rotator interval, axillary fold - decrease in joint volume
33
non operative treatment for frozen shoulder
- gentle movements - analgesia - physio - glenohumeral steroid injections - fluoroscopic distension
34
operative treatment for frozen shoulder
- manipulation under anaesthetic | - arthroscopic capsular release
35
who gets glenohumeral osteoarthritis
over 60s
36
presentation of GH arthritis
-gradual onset -pain at rest and night -stiffness -intermittent exacerbations -functional difficulties -
37
how would GH arthritis show on a radiograph
- joint space narrowing - subchondral sclerosis - subchondral cysts - osteophyte formation
38
non-operative treatment for GH arthritis
- analgesia - physio - GH steroid injection
39
operative treatment for GH arthritis
shoulder replacement - resurfacing - total shoulder arthroplasty - reverse polarity shoulder arthroplasty
40
name two upper limb nerve entrapments
median neuropathy -carpal tunnel syndrome ulnar neuropathy -cubital tunnel syndrome
41
risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome
- over 30s - female - hormonal fluctuations - hypothyroidism - diabetes - obesity - rheumatoid arthritis
42
pathology of carpal tunnel syndrome
relative reduction in blood supply
43
what does the median nerve innervate
LOAF Lumbricals IF and MF Opponens Abd pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis
44
Carpal Tunnel syndrome symptoms
Early - pins and needles - pain - clumsiness Late - numbness - weakness Functional - early morning wakening - driving - phone use - reading
45
signs of carpal tunnel syndrome
- thenar atrophy - altered sensation - weakness APB
46
carpal tunnel syndrome investigations
- carpal tunnel questionnaire - nerve conduction studies - electomyogram
47
treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome
mild/moderate symptoms - splintage - physiotherapy - steroid injection severe -carpal tunnel decompression
48
who gets cubital tunnel syndrome
- over 30s | - males
49
symptoms of cubital tunnel syndrome
early - ulnar pins and needles - pain - clumsiness late - numbness - weakness functional - night - learning
50
signs of cubital tunnel syndrome
- hypothenar and interosseous atrophy - clawing of ring and small finger - altered sensation - weakness Abd Dig minimi - weakness of grasp and pinch
51
test for cubital tunnel syndroms
- tinnel's test - modified Phalen's test - Froment's test
52
treatment for cubital tunnel syndrome
mild/moderate - elbow splintage - physio - NSAIDs severe -ulnar nerve decompression

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