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ANAT 315 - human musculoskeletal > shoulder & proximal upper extremity > Flashcards

shoulder & proximal upper extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Which joint is also called the shoulder joint?

A

Glenohumeral joint

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2
Q

Name the tubercles of the humerus

A

Greater tubercle
Lesser tubercle
Deltoid tuberosity

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3
Q

What goes through the intertubercular groove of the humerus?

A

Tendons of the latissimus dorsi

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4
Q

Which neck of the humerus is an area of weakness?

A

Surgical neck is surround by vessels and if the supply is restricted it could cause necrosis of the bone

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5
Q

What is the classification of the glenohumeral joint?

A

True synovial joint, multiaxial ball/socket

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6
Q

Why is the shoulder less stable than the hip?

A

The hip is also a synovial ball/socket joint but its socket is deeper than the shoulders (big ball-shallow socket)

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7
Q

Name the motions executed by the glenohumeral joint

A

Abduction/adduction
Flexion/extension
Medial/lateral rotation

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8
Q

Why does the glenohumeral joint need passive & active stabilization structures?

A

Because of its inherent instability cause by
-multiaxial, large ROM
-shallow/ill-fitting ball and socket

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9
Q

Name the structures that act as passive stabilizers for the glenohumeral joint

A

Glenoid labrum
Coracohumeral ligament
Glenohumeral ligament

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10
Q

What is the glenoid labrum?

A

rim of the fibrocartilage around the edge of the glenoid fossa

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11
Q

What is the role of the glenoid labrum?

A

Deepen glenoid fossa and increase contact area

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12
Q

Does the posterior surface of the glenohumeral joint have a ligament?

A

No only anterior ligaments
-glenohumeral ligament
-coracohumeral ligament

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13
Q

Glenohumeral vs coracohumeral ligament

A

Both anterior passive stabilizers of glenohumeral jt

Glenohumeral ligament
-divided in 3 segment (superior,middle,inferior)

Coracohumeral ligament
-coracoid to humerus

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14
Q

What is the most commonly dislocated large joint?And why?

A

Shoulder joint because of its inherent instability
*95% anterior dislocations

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15
Q

What are the active stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Rotator cuff muscles (SItS)
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
teres minor
Subscapularis

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16
Q

Where are the insertions of the active stabilizers of the glenohumeral jt?

A

Greater tubercle (Sit)
Lesser tubercle (Subscapularis)

17
Q

Name the only muscle located on the anterior scapula

A

Subscapularis

18
Q

How do the muscles of the rotator cuff act on the humeral head? What is their common function?

A

Provide shoulder mobility & active stability by pulling the humeral head against the glenoid fossa

Common function: Create a cuff around the glenohumeral joint to stabilize joint

19
Q

Which rotator cuff muscle does not produce the rotation of the glenohumeral joint but is a synergist to deltoid?

A

Supraspinatus

20
Q

What is common btw the supraspinatus, infraspinatus & teres minor?

A

All on the posterior of the scapula & attach to the greater tubercle

21
Q

What is common btw the infraspinatus & teres minor?

A

Lateral rotation of the arm at the glenohumeral jt

22
Q

Why is the action of the subscapularis different from the other rotator cuff muscles?

A

Only one to do medial rotation of the arm at the glenohumeral jt
only muscle on anterior side of scapula

23
Q

What does the suprascapular nerve innervate?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus

24
Q

Which of the rotator cuff muscles initiates arm abduction at the glenohumeral joint?

A

Supraspinatus

25
Q

Is the teres minor muscle responsible for arm abduction?

A

No
Only responsible for lat rotation & weak adduction

26
Q

Name the different bursas in the glenohumeral joint?

A

Subcoracoid
Subtendinous bursa of subscapularis
Subacromial
Subdeltoid
Glenoid labrum

27
Q

What is a bursae?

A

Thin, fluid filled sacs btw tissues (muscle, bones, ligaments) that reduce friction bttw tissues

28
Q

What is the scapulohumeral (SH) rhythm?

A

Coordinated mvmt of the scapulothoracic & glenohumeral joints
2:1 ratio glenohumeral to scapulothoracic mvmt

29
Q

When the arm is abducted at 180 degrees, which bones are rotating ?

A

60 degrees: scapula
120 degrees: humerus

first 30degress of abduction mvnt is at glenohumeral jt

30
Q

What is rotator cuff tendinitis?

A

Inflammation of the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles

31
Q

What are the causes & consequences of rotator cuff tendinitis

A

-overuse & overhead motion (wear & tear)

-shallow socket (most common in supraspinatus)

  • associated w shoulder impingement (of supraspinatus tendon) : painful arc from 60-120 degrees
32
Q

Where are located the subacromial (SA) and subdeltoid (SD) bursae?

A

Btw the deltoid muscle & tendon of supraspinatus

33
Q

What is SA/SD bursitis? And whats it clinical significance?

A

-Inflammation & swelling of bursa, further narrowing the subacromial space
-Painful arc

34
Q

What are the functions of the deltoid muscle?

A

Fiber group dependent
-anterior fiber: glenohumeral flexion
-middle fibers: glenohumeral abduction
-posterior fibers: glenohumeral extension & lat rotation

35
Q

What is muscle aka the thoracohumeral muscle?

A

Pectoralis major

36
Q

What are the attachments of the pectoralis major?

A

From clavicular & sternal head to lateral lip of the intertubercular groove

37
Q

What is the posterior muscle of the shoulder? Name its attachments

A

Teres major
From lateral scapular border to medial lip of intertubercular groove

38
Q

Where is the PLT sandwich located and what does it represent? a miSS btw 2 MAJORS

A

At the intertubercular groove
It represents what muscles are attached at the groove
P (pectoralis major): Lateral lip
L (latissimus dorsi): groove
T (teres major): medial lip

39
Q

Which muscle is responsible for flexion when the arm is flexed?

A

Teres major

ANAT 315 - human musculoskeletal (13 decks)

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