Shoulder Region and Arm I Flashcards
(26 cards)
Definition of the pectoral girdle
Bones of appendicular skeleton that connects arms to our sides (clavicle, scapula)
Definition of the arm, forearm and upper limb
Between shoulder and forearm at elbow joint
Between arm at the elbow joint to the wrist joint
Between the shoulder joint and the hand
What are the 3 main bones that make up the pectoral girdle
What are the 3 main joints in the pectoral girdle and upper limb
Manubrium sterni, clavicle, scapula
Sternoclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular joint
Glenohumeral joint
What joint connects the upper limb to the thorax
Why is this the only 1
Sternoclavicular joint
Stability sacrificed for movement
Describe the key osteological features on the superior surface of the clavicle
Scapula articualtion
Manubrium articulation
Has a curved tendril shape
Describe the key osetological features on the inferior surface of the clavicle
Near the scapula articulation
- Acromial facet
- Trapezoid line (attachment for trapezoid ligament)
- Conoid tubercle (conoid ligament attachment)
- Subclavian groove (attachment for subclavius)
By the manubrium articulation
-Sternal facet
What makes the clavicle different from other bones
How does the male clavicle differ from the female clavicle
Long bone with no medullary cavity
Trabecular surrounded by compact bone
1st bone to ossify in embryo but last to finish
Male clavicle is thicker, bigger muscles attach here
Describe the 4 ligaments found at the sternoclavicular joint
Describe the 2 joints found between the sternum and ribs
Name the muscle found between the clavicle and R1
Interclavicular ligament
Post and ant sternoclavicular ligament
Costoclavicular ligament
Sternoclavicular joint = synovial saddle joint that acts like a ball and socket
-Has an articular hyaline disc between a joint cavity
Sternal synchondroses (hyaline) between CC and sternum
Subclavius
Describe the function of the sternoclavicular ligaments
Ligaments stabilise joints
Ant and post sternoclavicular ligament surrounds the SCJ capsule
What is cleidocranial dysostosis
What causes it?
Skeletal defect, affects clavicles and teeth
- Clavicles are v thin/not present
- V disorganized teeth
Cause by RUNX2 gene defect
Describe what can happen in a clavicular fracture
What can cause a clavicular fracture
Caused by direct blow/force transmitted from arm
Sternocleidomastoid can pull medial part upwards => skin perforation
Describe the key osteological features on the anterior surface of the scapula
Coracoid process anterior to acromion process
Suprascapular notch on superior border
Superior, lateral and medial border
Superior, inferior and lateral angle
Subscapular fossa on body
Neck between coracoid process and body
Describe the key osteological features on the posterior surface of the scapula
Acromium process anterior to coracoid process
Spine from acromium process => supraspinous and infraspinous fossa
Superior, lateral and medial border
Superior, inferior and lateral angle
Describe the key osteological features on the lateral surface of the scapula
Glenoid cavity between acromium and coracoid process
Glenoid cavity between the superior and inferior angle
Describe what happens in a scapular fracture
When does a scapular fracture occur
V thin bone but protected by many layers of muscle
Needs massive force to break it
Check ABCs
What is an os acromiale
Acromium develops from 4 separate parts in childhood and fuses by adulthood
Failure of fusion => Os acromion (free fragments)
What are the 3 main ligaments found the the acromioclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular ligament,
- articulations lined with fibrocartilage and divided by fibrocartilage articular disc
- incomplete articular disc, no muscles connect articulating bones
- synovial joint
Trapezoid ligament
-attaches to trapezoid line on clavicle
Conoid ligament
-Attaches to conoid tubercle
Trapezoid + coracoid ligament => coracoclavicular ligament
What happens in an acromioclavicular joint dislocation
Acromioclavicular ligament torn in a separated shoulder
Describe the scapulothoracic joint
What movements are possible here
No bony articulations
Elevation Depression Retraction Protraction Upwards rotation Downwards rotation
Name the 4 muscles found in the deep posterior axioappendicular region
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major
Serratus anterior
What are the
- attachments
- innervations
- actions associated with the
- levator scapulae
- rhomboid major
- rhomboid minor
- serratus anterior
Levator scapulae
- Post tubercle of C1-4 => medial border
- Dorsal scapular nerve
- Retracts, elevates scapula
Rhomboid minor
- Spinous process of C7-T1 => medial border
- Dorsal scapular nerve
- Retracts, rotates scapula
Rhomboid major
- Spinous processes of T2-5 => medial border
- Dorsal scapular nerve
- Retracts, rotates scapula
Serratus anterior (boxer muscle)
- Medial scapular border => lateral of R1-9
- Long thoracic nerve
- Scapula rotation, elevates arm
Describe what happens in winged scapula
How is it treated?
Paralysis of serrates anterior due to lesions to long thoracic nerve
Treated by strength training and physical therapy
Surgery
Name the 2 superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
What are the
- Attachements
- Innervations
- Actions associated with the
- trapezius
- latissimus dorsi
Trapezius
- Occipital skull bone => scapula spine
- Cranial 11
- Sup contracts => elevates
- Middle contracts => retracts
- Inf contracts => depress scapula
Latissimus dorsi
- Lower thoracic, lumbar, sacral spine => ant of humerus
- thoracodorsal nerve
- Extends, adducts, med rot of humerus
