The Leg Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are the 4 main leg compartments
What are they innervated by
What is their blood supply
What is their main movement
Anterior
- Dorsiflexion, inversion
- Deep fibular nerve
- Anterior tibial artery
Lateral
- Eversion
- Superficial fibular nerve
Deep and superficial posterior
- Plantarflex, inversion
- Tibial nerve
- Posterior tibial artery
What are the 4 muscles in the anterior leg compartment (dorsiflexion, inversion)
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis tertius
What are the 4 anterior compartment muscles innervated by?
Where does their blood supply comes from
Innervated by deep fibular (L4-S1)
Anterior tibial artery
What are the attachments and actions associated with the ant leg compartment muscles
- Tibialis anterior
- Extensor digitorum longus
- Extensor hallucis longus
- Fibularis tertius
Tibialis anterior
- Lateral tibia => medial cuneiform and MB1
- Dorsiflexion and inversion
Extensor digitorum longus
- Lateral tibial condyle and medial fibular surface => 4 toes
- Extension of lateral 4 toes, dorsiflexion
Extensor hallucis longus
- Medial fibular shaft => distal phalanx of big toe
- Extend big toe, dorsiflexion
Fibularis tertius
- Medial fibular shady => M5
- Eversion, dorsiflexion
Describe what causes anterior compartment syndrome
What are the consequences of anterior compartment syndrome
How can you relieve pain caused
Ant comp bound by tough crucial fascia and ant IMS
Bleeding/muscle swelling compresses vessels and nerves => venous congestion
Muscles starved of O2 => necrosis
Slit crucial fascia to release pressure
What are the 2 muscles found in the lateral leg compartment (Eversion)
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
What nerves innervate the 2 lateral compartment muscles
What arteries supply these muscles
Superficial fibular (L4-S2) No specific supply but receives branches of fibular artery through IMS
Where are the attachments and actions of the 2 lateral compartment muscles
- Fibularis longus
- Fibularis brevis
Fibularis longus
- Lateral fibula and tibial condyle => medial cuneiform and MB1
- Eversion and plantarflexion
- Supports lateral and transverse arches
Fibularis brevis
- Fibula => MB5
- Eversion
What are the 3 muscles found in the superficial posterior leg compartment
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Soleus
What is the innervation of the posterior leg compartment
What arteries supply this compartment
Tibial nerve (L4-S3) Post tibial and fibular artery
What is the attachment and actions associated with the superficial deep leg muscles
- Gastrocnemius (lateral head)
- Gastrocnemius (medial head)
- Plantaris
- Soleus
Gastrocnemius (lateral head)
- Lateral femoral condyle => calcaneal tendon
- Plantarflexion, knee flexor
Gastrocnemius (medial head)
- Medial femoral condyle => calcaneal tendon
- Plantarflexion, knee flexor
Plantaris
- Lateral femoral condyle => calcaneal tendon
- Plantarflexion, knee flexor
Soleus
- Soleal tibial line and fibula => calcaneal tendon
- Plantarflexion
Describe what happens in an Achilles’ tendon rupture
How can you test if someone has an Achilles’ tendon rupture
Calcineal tendon ruptures
Squeeze calf => plantarflexion of foot if calcaneal not injured
Name the 4 muscles in the deep posterior leg compartment
Popliteus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
What are the attachments and associated movements of the muscles in the deep posterior leg compartment
- Popliteus
- Tibialis posterior
- Flexor digitorum longus
- Flexor hallucis longus
Popliteus
- Lateral femur condyle and post horn => soleus tibial line
- Lateral femur rotation
Tibialis posterior
- Interosseus membrane => plantar medial tarsal
- Inversion, plantarflexion
- Maintains medial arch
Flexor digitorum longus
- Medial tibia => plantar of lateral 4 toes
- Lateral 4 toe flexion
Flexor hallucis longus
- Post fibular => plantar phalanx of big toe
- Great toe flexion
Describe how the tendons of the 3 main muscles of the deep posterior leg compartment (tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus) cross over each other in the plantar surface
Tibialis posterior tendon, between both => most medial at cuneiform
Flexor hallucis longus, most lateral => passes under FDL => between both
Flexor digitorum longus, most medial => passes over FHL => most lateral
Describe the tarsal tunnel and the order of arteries, veins, nerves and tendons that pass underneath
Pass under flexor retinaculum
Tibialis posterior (Tom) Flexor digitorum longus (Dick) Post tibial artery (A) Tibial nerve (N) Tibial veins (D) Flexor hallucis longus (Harry)
Describe the route of the popliteal artery from the knee to the leg
Posterior popliteal
Ant and post tibial
Ant tibial passes through intraosseous membrane => anterior of leg
Post tibial => fibular artery => branches into lateral comp
Describe the route of the anterior tibial artery
Ant tibial => dorsalis pedis => anastomoses w lateral plantar => deep plantar arch
Dorsalis pedis supplies dorsal of metatarsals
Describe the route of the posterior tibial artery
Post tibial => plantar side via tarsal tunnel
Splits => lateral and medial plantar => both form deep plantar arch => toes
Describe the route of the deep veins in the lower leg
Accompany major arteries in same vascular sheath
Dorsal venous arch => ant tibial
Medial and plantar veins => post tibial and fibular
Both join popliteal vein
Describe the joints found at the tibia and fibula
Synovial joint between tibia and fibula
Intraosseus membrane (syndesmoses), allow some movement
- Foramen at proximal side => passage of ant tibial to ant side
- Foramen at distal side => passage of perforating fibular artery
Fibrous joint at distal side, prevent movement at ankle joint
Describe the osteology of the tibia and fibula from the anterior side
Tibial tuberosity, patella tendon attaches here
Anterior crest, deep fascia attachment
Lateral malleolus on fibula
Medial malleolus on tibia
Describe the osteology of the fibula and tibia from the posterior side
Diagonal soleus line, soleus attaches here
Name the foot bones found in the hind foot and the mid foot
Describe the joints found here
Talus, articulates with the malleoli and tibia (dorsiflexion and plantarflexion)
-Synovial talonavicular joint
Calcaneus, heel bone
-Synovial calcaneocuboidal joint
Navicular,
-ball and socket with talus, 3 cuneifonavicular joints
Cuneiform (medial, mediolateral, lateral)
Cuboid,
- Calcaneal cuboid joint
- 2 tarsometatarsal joints (synovial) with M4, 5
