Shoulder region, anterior and posterior chest wall

Question 1

Name 7 features of the scapula

Answer 1

1. Acromion
2. Coracoid process
3. Glenoid fossa
4. Subscapular fossa
5. Scapular spine
6. Supraspinous fossa
7. Infraspinous fossa

Question 2

What 2 bones does the scapula articulate with?

Answer 2

1. Clavicle- acromicoclavicular joint

2. Humerus- glenohumeral joint

Question 3

Which muscles attach to the supra- and infra- glenoid tubercle?

Answer 3

Infraglenoid- long head of the triceps brachii

Supraglenoid- long head of the biceps brachii

Question 4

Whats a feature of the clavicle at the sternal end?

Answer 4

Rough oval depression- costoclavicular ligament

Question 5

Whats 2 features of the clavicle at the acromial end?

Answer 5

Conoid tubercle- attachment point of the conoid ligament, the medial part of the c.c ligament
Trapeziod line- attachment point of the trapezoid ligament, the lateral part of the c.c ligament

Question 6

What attaches the head of the humerus to the greater and lesser tubercle?

Answer 6

The anatomical neck

Question 7

What runs down the intertubucular sulcus?

Answer 7

The tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii

Question 8

What are the 2 features of the shaft of the humerus?

Answer 8

Deltoid tuberosity- lateral side of humeral shaft

Radial groove- runs diagonally down the posterior surface of the humerus- radial nerve and profunda brachii

Question 9

What are the lateral and medial borders of the distal region of the humerus called?

Answer 9

The lateral supraepicondylar ridge

The medial supraepicondylar ridge

Question 10

What are the features of the distal region of the humerus moving from the lateral to medial side?

Answer 10

Lateral epicondyle
Capitulum
Trochlea
Medial epicondyle

Question 11

What are the 2 articulations of the elbow joint?

Answer 11

1. Trochlea of the humerus AND trochlear notch of the ulna

2. Capitulum of the humerus AND head of the radius

Question 12

What are the 3 factors that contribute to stability of the shoulder joint?

Answer 12

1. Rotator cuff muscles
2. Glenoid labrum
3. Ligaments

Question 13

What are the extrinsic muscles of the shoulder?

Answer 13

Originate from the trunk, and attach to the bones of the shoulder (scapula, clavicle and humerus)
Superficial and deep

Question 14

What are the attachments and innervations of the superficial muscles

Answer 14

1.Trapezius
Attach= clavicle, acromion and scapular spine
Innervation= accessory nerve
2.Latissimus dorsi
Attach= intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
Innervation= thoracodorsal nerve

Question 15

What actions do the Trapezium and Latissimus dorsi allow?

Answer 15

Trapezius=
upper fibres- elevate and rotate scapula during abduction of the arm
middle fibres- retract scapula
lower fibres- pull scapula inferiorly
Latissimus dorsi=
extends, adducts and medially rotates the upper limb

Question 16

What are the attachments and innervations of the deep muscles?

Answer 16

1.Levetator scapulae
Attach= medial border of the scapula
Innervation= dorsal scapular nerve
2.Rhomboids
Major- attach= medial border of the scapula, between the spine and inferior angle
Minor-attach= medial border of the scapula, at the level of the spine
Innervation= dorsal scapular nerve

Question 17

What actions do the Levetator scapulae and the Rhomboids allow?

Answer 17

Levetator scapulae=
elevate scapula
Rhomboids=
Retracts and rotates scapula

Question 18

What are the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder?

Answer 18

Originate from the scapula and/or clavicle and attach to the humerus

Question 19

What are the attachments and innervations of the Deltoid and Teres Major?

Answer 19

1.Deltoid
Attach= deltoid tuberosity 
Innervation= axillary nerve
2.Teres Major
Attach= intertubercular sulcus of humerus 
Innervation= lower subscapular nerve

Question 20

What actions do the Deltoid and Teres major allow?

Answer 20

Deltoid=
flexion and extension of arm
Teres Major=
abduction and medial rotation of the arm

Question 21

What are the attachments and innervations of the rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 21

1.Supraspinatus
Attach= greater tubercle of the humerus 
Innervation= suprascapular nerve 
2.Infraspinatus
Attach= greater tubercle of the humerus
Innervation= suprascapular nerve 
3.Subscapularis 
Attach= lesser tubercle of the humerus
Innervation= upper and lower subscapular nerves 
4.Teres minor
Attach= greater tubercle of the humerus
Innervation=axillary nerve

Question 22

What actions do the rotator cuff muscles allow?

Answer 22

Supraspinatus=
Abduction and assisting deltoid 
Infraspinatus and teres minor=
lateral rotation of arm
Subscapularis=
medial rotation of arm

Question 23

What are the branches of the axillary artery?

Answer 23

1. Subscapular artery
2. Anterior circumflex artery
3. Posterior circumflex artery

Question 24

Muscles of the pectoral regions and attachments

Answer 24

Pectoralis major- intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
Pectoralis minor- coracoid process of scapula
Serratus anterior- anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula
Subclavius- inferior surface of the clavicle